Gaseous Exchange in Mammals

Question 1

The process
of exchanging one gas for another
is called _________________.

Answer 1

gaseous exchange

Question 2

oxygen is
used up in cells and carbon dioxide
is given out

Answer 2

cellular respiration

Question 3

have a very high total surface
area to volume ratio (TSA/V ratio)

Answer 3

small organisms

Question 4

TSA/V ratio is too low for efficient
gaseous exchange

Answer 4

large organisms

Question 5

two common respiratory organs found in invertebrates

Answer 5

gills
trachea

Question 6

consists of system of tubes called
tracheae (singular, trachea) and
tracheoles which transport air
from spiracles (small holes the
open up to the outside) to and
from cells.

Answer 6

Trachea

Question 7

are highly folded outgrowths that
contain blood vessels and
covered with a thin epithelial
layer. Dissolved oxygen is
extracted form water and carbon
dioxide is released when the
water flows in the opposite
direction of the blood flow in the
gill capillaries.

Answer 7

gills

Question 8

The respiratory system in mammals has a ______ system consisting of nasal passage, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Answer 8

tubular

Question 9

require a large amount of oxygen to be transported speedily from the respiratory surface to the cells of the body.

Answer 9

multicellular animals

Question 10

How many molecules of hemoglobin is present in every red blood cell?

Answer 10

250 million

Question 11

comprises a porphyrin ring with an iron atom attached in the center

Answer 11

hem group

Question 12

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry ____ oxygen molecules to form a complex molecule called _________.

Answer 12

four, oxyhemoglobin

Question 13

these are sac-like and provide a very large surface area for efficient gaseous exchange

Answer 13

alveoli

Question 13

_____________ is responsible for transport of oxygen.

Answer 13

hem group

Question 13

the vehicle of transport of respiratory gases is the red respiratory pigment _____________ found in red blood cells.

Answer 13

hemoglobin (Hb)

Question 14

True or False
The solubility of oxygen in water or plasma is very low.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

it is a quarternary protein molecule made up of four subunits

Answer 15

hemoglobin

Question 16

Each subunit is a conjugated protein made up of a globular unit called ______ attached to a prosthetic group called the __________.

Answer 16

globin, hem group

Question 17

facilitates oxygen transport as it causes the hemoglobin to bind to oxygen in the lungs but release it in the tissues.

Answer 17

The Bohr Effect

Question 18

gives the characteristic red color to the flesh of animals such as birds.

Answer 18

myoglobin

Question 19

is a conjugated protein consisting of a globin protein and a hem group.

Answer 19

myoglobin

Question 19

three different ways of transporting carbon dioxide from blood to lungs

Answer 19

by conversion to hydrogen carbonate ions in the red blood cells
by binding to hemoglobin
by dissolving in the plasma

Question 19

four subunits of hemoglobin

Answer 19

2 a-chain
2 b-chain

Question 20

gaseous exchange takes place in the ______.

Answer 20

lungs

Question 21

what system(s) regulates the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body?

Answer 21

respiratory system
circulatory system

Question 22

when the level of oxygen in blood is low and that of carbon dioxide is high, the following happens except;

a. air displacement rate increases
b. cardiac frequency increases
c. the diameter of arterioles decreases

Answer 22

c. the diameter of arterioles decreases

the diameter of arterioles increases to ensure more oxygenated blood is supplied to the tissues that require a large oxygen supply.

Question 23

prevents tissue metabolism, weakens the senses and may hamper the normal functions of the brain

Answer 23

anoxia (lack of oxygen)

Question 24

What forms when 10% of CO2 combines in a reversible reaction with amino group of hemoglobin?

Answer 24

carbaminohemoglobin

Question 25

About ___% of the CO2 produced during cell respiration diffuses into red blood cell.

Answer 25

85% - diffuses into red blood cell
10% - forms carbaminohemoglobin
5% dissolved as a physical solution in the plasma as well as become carbonic acid

Question 26

term for constriction of arterioles

Answer 26

vasoconstriction

Question 27

two centers of the brain that regulates breathing

Answer 27

respiratory center
circulatory center

Question 28

The respiratory center consists of groups of neurons organized into two parts, the _____________ and the ___________.

Answer 28

inspiratory center, expiratory center

Question 29

gills: crustacean and mollusks while trachea: _________ and ________.

Answer 29

insects, spiders

Question 30

due to proton-oxygen coupling

Answer 30

The Bohr effect