Transport and Circulation

Question 1

orderly movement through a circuit, especially : the movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart.

Answer 1

Circulation

Question 2

Adaptations for distributing essential elements

Answer 2

• Gastrovascular Cavity
• Circulatory System

Question 3

It is a digestive system with only one opening that serves as mouth and anus of the animal. Each cell in its lining (gastrodermis) can exchange materials directly with the created medium inside.

Answer 3

Gastrovascular Cavities

Question 4

This type of body plan is found only in certain invertebrates, including cnidarians and flatworms.

Answer 4

Gastrovascular Cavities

Question 5

It is an organ system that moves the circulatory fluid, which carries essential elements and wastes, throughout the body.

Answer 5

Circulatory System

Question 6

Parts of a Circulatory System

Answer 6

• Circulatory fluid
• A set of interconnecting vessels
• Muscular pump (heart)

Question 7

Types of Circulatory Systems

Answer 7

*Open Circulatory System

*Close Circulatory System

Question 8

In an ________ circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells.

Answer 8

Open Circulatory System

Question 9

situated within but not restricted to or characteristic of a particular organ or tissue.

Answer 9

Interstitial

Question 10

Heart contraction pumps the hemolymph through the circulatory vessels into interconnected sinuses, spaces surrounding the organs, where chemical exchange occurs.

Body movements periodically squeeze the sinuses, helping circulate the hemolymph.

Answer 10

Open Circulatory System

Question 11

a circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels, unlike hemolymph. One or more hearts pump blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs.

Answer 11

Close Circulatory System

Question 12

Chemical exchange occurs between the blood and the interstitial fluid, as well as between the interstitial fluid and body cells.

Answer 12

Close Circulatory System

Question 13

Often called as Cardiovascular System

Answer 13

Close Circulatory System

Question 14

Different Organizations of Cardiovascular System

Answer 14

Single Circulation and Double Circulation

Question 15

an arrangement where the blood passes through the heart once in each complete circuit through the body.

Answer 15

Single Circulation

Question 16

bony fishes, rays, and sharks

Answer 16

Single Circulation

Question 17

An arrangement with two circuits with its pumps combined into a single organ, the heart.

Answer 17

Double Circulation

Question 18

amphibians, reptiles, and mammals

Answer 18

Double Circulation

Question 19

The algal ancestors of land plants absorbed water, minerals, and CO2 directly from the water in which they lived. Transport in these algae was relatively simple because every cell was close to the source of these substances.

Answer 19

Progression of Plant Transport System

Question 20

As natural selection pushed land plants to produce taller, broader shoots and stronger anchorage, those with a transport system that can facilitate long transport of substances became successful and become the trees we know today.

Answer 20

Progression of Plant Transport System

Question 21

Major Compartments of plants

Answer 21

• Apoplast
• Symplast

Question 22

consists of everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells and includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheid.

Answer 22

Apoplast

Question 23

consists of the entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic channels that interconnect them.

Answer 23

Symplast

Question 24

Routes for Short Distance Transport

Answer 24

• Apoplastic Route
• Symplastic Route
• Transmembrane Route

Question 25

water and solutes move along the continuum of cell walls and extracellular spaces.

Answer 25

Apoplastic Route

Question 26

water and solutes move along the continuum of cytosol. This route requires substances to cross a plasma membrane once, when they first enter the plant, then travels through the plasmodesmata.

Answer 26

Symplastic Route

Question 27

requires repeated crossings of plasma membranes as substances exit one cell and enter the next.

Answer 27

Transmembrane Route

Question 28

It occurs through bulk flow, the movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient.

Answer 28

Long-distance transport

Question 29

The ______ of material always occurs from higher to lower pressure. Unlike osmosis, bulk flow is independent of solute concentration.

Answer 29

bulk flow