Transport and Circulation Flashcards
orderly movement through a circuit, especially : the movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart.
Circulation
Adaptations for distributing essential elements
- Gastrovascular Cavity
- Circulatory System
It is a digestive system with only one opening that serves as mouth and anus of the animal. Each cell in its lining (gastrodermis) can exchange materials directly with the created medium inside.
Gastrovascular Cavities
This type of body plan is found only in certain invertebrates, including cnidarians and flatworms.
Gastrovascular Cavities
It is an organ system that moves the circulatory fluid, which carries essential elements and wastes, throughout the body.
Circulatory System
Parts of a Circulatory System
- Circulatory fluid
- A set of interconnecting vessels
- Muscular pump (heart)
Types of Circulatory Systems
*Open Circulatory System
*Close Circulatory System
In an ________ circulatory system, the circulatory fluid, called hemolymph, is also the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells.
Open Circulatory System
situated within but not restricted to or characteristic of a particular organ or tissue.
Interstitial
Heart contraction pumps the hemolymph through the circulatory vessels into interconnected sinuses, spaces surrounding the organs, where chemical exchange occurs.
Body movements periodically squeeze the sinuses, helping circulate the hemolymph.
Open Circulatory System
a circulatory fluid called blood is confined to vessels, unlike hemolymph. One or more hearts pump blood into large vessels that branch into smaller ones that infiltrate the organs.
Close Circulatory System
Chemical exchange occurs between the blood and the interstitial fluid, as well as between the interstitial fluid and body cells.
Close Circulatory System
Often called as Cardiovascular System
Close Circulatory System
Different Organizations of Cardiovascular System
Single Circulation and Double Circulation
an arrangement where the blood passes through the heart once in each complete circuit through the body.
Single Circulation
bony fishes, rays, and sharks
Single Circulation
An arrangement with two circuits with its pumps combined into a single organ, the heart.
Double Circulation
amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
Double Circulation
The algal ancestors of land plants absorbed water, minerals, and CO2 directly from the water in which they lived. Transport in these algae was relatively simple because every cell was close to the source of these substances.
Progression of Plant Transport System
As natural selection pushed land plants to produce taller, broader shoots and stronger anchorage, those with a transport system that can facilitate long transport of substances became successful and become the trees we know today.
Progression of Plant Transport System
Major Compartments of plants
- Apoplast
- Symplast
consists of everything external to the plasma membranes of living cells and includes cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the interior of dead cells such as vessel elements and tracheid.
Apoplast
consists of the entire mass of cytosol of all the living cells in a plant, as well as the plasmodesmata, the cytoplasmic channels that interconnect them.
Symplast
Routes for Short Distance Transport
- Apoplastic Route
- Symplastic Route
- Transmembrane Route
water and solutes move along the continuum of cell walls and extracellular spaces.
Apoplastic Route
water and solutes move along the continuum of cytosol. This route requires substances to cross a plasma membrane once, when they first enter the plant, then travels through the plasmodesmata.
Symplastic Route
requires repeated crossings of plasma membranes as substances exit one cell and enter the next.
Transmembrane Route
It occurs through bulk flow, the movement of liquid in response to a pressure gradient.
Long-distance transport
The ______ of material always occurs from higher to lower pressure. Unlike osmosis, bulk flow is independent of solute concentration.
bulk flow
