Transport

Question 1

Passive process

Answer 1

Does not require energy/ATP - movement happens due to individual molecules kinetic energy

Question 2

3 examples of passive processes

Answer 2

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

Question 3

Examples of active processes

Answer 3

Active transport

Bulk transport

Question 4

Simple diffusion

Answer 4

Net overall random movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to and area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 5

Water potential

Answer 5

Is the tendency of water to move from one place to another

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

The net movement of water molecules from an area of higher water potential to and area of lower water potential down a concentration gradient across a partially permeable membrane

Question 7

Factors that effect osmosis

Answer 7

Water potential gradient
Thickness of exchange surface
SA of exchange surface

Question 8

Hypotonic solution

Answer 8

A solution with less water in it than solute, compared to outside solution
Water rushes in

Question 9

Hypertonic solution

Answer 9

A solution with more water in it than solute, compared to outside solution.
Water rushes out

Question 10

Isotonic solution

Answer 10

2 solutions have the same water potential

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

The movement of molecules or ions into or out of a cell from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, against the concentration gradient , across a partially permeable membrane

Question 12

Transport/ carrier proteins

Answer 12

Complementary to the molecule they are transporting
Act like a pump
Found in cell surface membrane

Question 13

Examples of active transport

Answer 13

Calcium ions into muscle cells

Hydrogen ion into cells respiring

Question 14

How do molecules move by active transport

Answer 14

Molecule/ ion binds to receptor , complementary shape
ATP binds to the carrier protein on the inside of the cell, hydrolysed to ADP +P with the release of energy
This provides the energy needed for the carrier protein to change shape
Molecule/Ion is released to the inside of the cell
Phosphate is released from the carrier protein and recombines with the ADP to form ATP
Carrier protein returns to normal shape

Question 15

Example of active transport

Answer 15

uptake of ions from soil water by root hair cells in plants

Question 16

Example of Bulk transport

Answer 16

Sodium-potassium pump (exchange of sodium and potassium ions across cell walls)
Amino acids moving along the human intestinal tract.
Calcium ions moving from cardiac muscle cells