Transport

Question 1

What does the xylem and phloem transport?

Answer 1

Xylem: Water and mineral ions from the roots to other parts of the plant

Phloem: Sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant

Question 2

Define transpiration

Answer 2

The evaporation and movement of water away from the plant’s leaves from the inside of the plant

Question 3

What affects the rate of transpiration

Answer 3

Humidity, wind speed, temperature and light intensity

Question 4

What is the role of plasma in blood

Answer 4

It transports carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat energy

Question 5

Name the two white blood cells and how they react to diseases

Answer 5

Lymphocytes: They recognize the antigens on the surface of pathogens. They will then produce antibodies. The antibodies will stick to the pathogen which makes it easier for phagocytes to engulf them. Memory cells are produced during the response to antigens.

Phagocytes: They will be attracted to pathogens. They will engulf them. Enzymes inside the cell will break down the pathogen to destroy it.

Question 6

How do vaccinations result in the manufacture of memory cells?

Answer 6

-fragmented dead pathogens injected
- lymphocytes will recognize the antigens in the bloodstream.
- Lymphocytes produce antibodies specific to the antigen from the pathogen injected
- Memory cells and antibodies will remain in the blood stream

Question 7

How does structure of arteries, veins and capillaries relate to their function

Answer 7

Arteries: Thick, elastic wall and small lumen. They transport blood to the whole body so will need to work with high pressure blood.

Veins: Think wall, large lumen, valve(Prevents back flow of blood). They carry blood towards the heart so blood will be transported at low pressure

Capillaries: One cell thick wall, very small lumen,semi permeable. Quick diffusion of gases and nutrients from blood into the body cells.