transport

Question 1

unicellular

Answer 1

• has no need for transport :
  has a large surface area to volume ratio (means the diffusion distance is shorter)
  so it can use atp diffusion osomosis

Question 2

multicellular

Answer 2

• requires transport:
  small surface area to volume ratio
  (diffusion distance is larger from exchange surface to cells)

Question 3

what/where does xylem transport

Answer 3

from the roots to the leaves via the stem
carries water + mineral ions
mineral ions eg mg + nitrates will dissolve in the water
water - PS + turgid cells structurer

Question 4

what/where does phloem transport

Answer 4

phloem transports amino acids and sucrose
from the leaves (ps areas) to rest of the plant (non ps areas)

Question 5

phloem adaptations + structure

Answer 5

colom of living cells (not hollow):
1. cells don’t fully break down and have pores on the end of them
2 . substances pass through these cells through the pores at the end of each cell walls
3.these phloem cells the form a tube
4.allows dissolved sugars to pass through

Question 6

xylem adaptations + structure

Answer 6

dead hollow cells
cells lined with lingen to help adapt it to transport water via the transpiration stream

Question 7

root hair cells and abosrbing minerals

Answer 7

They have) elongated / pointed / projections / extensions;
(Which) increase surface area
roots hair cells increase their SA which increase the rate of absorption of mineral ions via active transport
due to the needs for Active transport they have lots of mitochondria to help power them

Question 8

root hair cells and water

Answer 8

the soil has higher water potential then the cytoplasm of the root hair cell
water moves into root hair cells via osmosis
into root hair cell cortex –> xylem vessels –> leaves –> spongy mesophyll

Question 9

transpiration definition

Answer 9

loss of water due to evaporation ( in the surface of the spongy mesophyll)
them by diffusion water vapour diffuses through stomata

Question 10

role of stomata in transpiration

Answer 10

• interconnecting air spaces between stomata and spongy mesophyll creating LSA
  evaporation can happen rapidly when stomata is open.
  1. stomata allows evaporation to occur
  2, transpiration stream is made in the
  3.root and stem absorb more water through the roots from surrounding soil by osmosis

Question 11

effect of transpiration

Answer 11

transpiration occurs - loss of water
1. water moves into xylem from root to leaves via the stem in a transpiration stream
2. due to cohesion a continuous unbroken Colom of water is made
3. the water molecules will pull each water molecule behind it up
4. transpiration cause tensions in the water in the xylem vessels
5. as transportation increase water will be pulled up xylem faster

Question 12

why plants need water

Answer 12

• transporting mineral ions
• keeps plant cool as heat energy is needed to turn water to water vapour by evaporation
• photos
• keeping cell turgid

Question 13

effect of wind on transpiration

Answer 13

wind increases - rate of T increases

wind : fast air movements across the leaf remove water vapour from the lower epidermis whilst it is diffusing , maintaining a conc gradient

• use a fan
• wind decreases rate of humidity

Question 14

effect of humidity on transpiration

Answer 14

humid increase - rate of T decreases

humid: air is saturated with water the conc gradient is too weak so not a lot of water loss
stomata closes because transpiration to weak

spray a plastic bag with water and put it over plant

Question 15

effect of light intensity on transpiration

Answer 15

increase rate of T
guard cells open when its light as they become turgid so they open the stomata

Question 16

effect of heat on T

Answer 16

increases rate of T
- water molecules more KE
- water molecules evaporate and diffuse faster + more

Question 17

corms volume potometer

Answer 17

• cut shoot underwater so no air enter xylem
• make sure all apparatus is airtight and use Vaseline to seal any gaps
• make sure leaves are dry
• remove capillary tube from beaker to allow air bubble to from then place back….
• set up fan heater lamp ect
• leave for 30 min
• record start + end location of bubble
• ROT= distance bubble moved / time
• repeat
• same room condition / time
• same species size mass plant

Question 18

corms mass potometer

Answer 18

• use oil or plastic back around root system to make sure water doesn’t get loss from beaker
• measure mass of water + time it takes
• measure loss of water ad change in mass of plant

Question 19

root hair cell adaptations

Answer 19

LSA
thin wall for short diffusion path
) low water potential to increase gradient for osmosis / increase water potential gradient;

Question 20

how water is transported from the soil to the leaves

Answer 20

• into the root air cell through osmosis
• water moves from hight water potential to low water potential through a partially preamble membrane as the water po is lower in cytoplasm RHC
• through root cortex into xylem
• up xylem via transpiration stream
• into leaves
• into spongy messophly

Question 21

why can too much water in soil around root lead to plant failing to grow proply

Answer 21

(The plant roots have no/less) oxygen (due to air spaces in the soil being filled with water) so The cells in the roots cannot carry out / there is no/less) respiration

(Active transport cannot occur so there is no/less) absorption of minerals / named mineral e.g. nitrates/magnesium; - means like of key mineral ions so no mg no chlorrophyl