Transplantation and Transfusion

Question 1

What is a syngeneic transplant?

Answer 1

From genetically identical individuals, usually the same individua

Question 2

What is a allogeneic tranplant?

Answer 2

From one individual to another of the same species

Question 3

What is a Xenogeneic transplant?

Answer 3

Between individuals of different species

Question 4

What are the 3 types of recognition processes?

Answer 4

Recognition by antibody Hyperacute rejection

Recognition of foreign MHC by T-cells (Direct recognition) ACUTE REJECTION

Recognition of minor H loci by T-cells (indirect recognition) Chronic rejection

Question 5

What is hyperacute rejection?

Answer 5

OCCURS RAPIDLY, RESULTING IN NECROSIS OF TRANSPLANTED TISSUE WITHIN MINUTES OR A FEW HOURS OF CONTACT

Question 6

What are the enzymes and genes involved in ABO groups?

Answer 6

H gene on chrom 19 codes for frucosyl transferase that synthesises the H antigen

While a gene defining the A, B or non-functional enzymes is located at ABO gene locus on chromo 9

Question 7

What kind of Ig are anti-A and anti-B?

Answer 7

All most all are IgM

Question 8

What happens to a skin graft of a MHCa to syngeneic recipient?

Answer 8

Graft is tolerated

Question 9

What happens to a skin graft of a MHCa to allogeneic recipient?

Answer 9

Graft rejected RAPIDLY

Question 10

What happens to a skin graft of a MHCa to MINOR H ANTIGEN INCOMPATIBLE recipient?

Answer 10

Graft rejected slowly

Question 11

What are the properties of minor antigens?

Answer 11

Rejction is slower than fro MHC
It is additive however thus many minor differences combine to give rapid rejection rejection times
Best known example is the male antigen encoed on the Y chromosome

Question 12

What is chronic rejection?

Answer 12

Long term loss of transplanted organ which could be due to Tissue injury, MHC mismatch or inflammation