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Molecular Biology > Transmission Genetics > Flashcards

Transmission Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

published his findings on the inheritance of 7 characteristics of pea plants

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

Seed form:

A

Dominant = Round
Recessive = wrinkled

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3
Q

Seed color:

A

Dominant= Yellow
Recessive = green

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4
Q

Pod form:

A

Dominant= Inflated
Recessive= constricted

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5
Q

Pod color:

A

Dominant= Green
Recessive= yellow

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6
Q

Flower color:

A

Dominant= Purple
Recessive = white

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7
Q

Flower arrangement:

A

Dominant= Axial
Recessive= terminal

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8
Q

Stem:

A

Dominant= Tall
Recessive= short

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9
Q

comes from a Greek root which means appearance or observable characteristics

A

Phenotype

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10
Q

is the current term to replace Mendel’s “particles.”

A

Gene

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11
Q

= is the current term to replace Mendel’s “particles.”

A

Gene

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12
Q

is the basic unit of inheritance. It contains instructions for heredity

A

Gene

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13
Q

the set of genes manifested or expressed in the organism’s phenotype

A

Dominant allele

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14
Q

aka “hidden” trait, and is expressed only when the
individual carries 2 copies of the gene

A

Recessive allele

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15
Q

a cell that carries two copies of the gene; applicable in autosomes
or somatic cells

A

Diploid

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16
Q

a cell that carries one copy of the gene; applicable in sex
chromosome or gamete

A

Haploid

17
Q

If the cell carries two copies of the same allele it is said to be

A

“HOMOZYGOUS”

18
Q

If the cell carries one gene of different alleles, it is said to be

A

HETEROZYGOUS”

19
Q

Genes separate randomly in the gametes so that each gamete will only receive haploid copies of the gene

A

2nd Mendel’s Law: Law of Segregation

20
Q

Genes of different traits can segregate independently.

A

3rd Mendel’s Law: Law of Independent Assortment

21
Q

The Chromosome Theory of Inheritance was First proposed by

A

Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton in 1902.

22
Q

observed that development in sea urchins does not happen without chromosomes

A

Theodor Boveri

23
Q

observed chromosomes in meiosis among grasshoppers

A

Walter Sutton

24
Q

observed chromosomes among fruitflies (Drosophila melanogaster)

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

25
Q

the eye color phenotype was sex-linked. It was transmitted along with sex in the experiments. Males were _______ for the X chromosome.

A

“HEMIZYGOUS”

26
Q

Chromosome theory of inheritance:

A
  1. Genes have places or loci.
  2. Diploid organisms such as humans normally have 2 copies of all chromosomes except sex chromosomes
27
Q

the allelic constitution of a gene

A

Genotype

28
Q

The complete set of genes of an organism

A

Genome

29
Q

the offspring appear to have a different allele not seen in the parents, and are therefore called

A

RECOMBINANTS.

30
Q

How are recombinants produced?

A

By crossing-over during the pachytene stage of Prophase I.

31
Q

Stages of Meiosis:
Meiosis I:
Prophase I:

A

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pacytene, Diplotene

32
Q

the gene that occurs more frequently

A

Wild-type or Standard-type

33
Q

the gene that is less present

A

Mutant

34
Q

This finding was supported by _______ and made a mathematical relationship simply stated, that if the frequency of the recombination is 1%, it is equivalent by a map distance of 1 centimorgan (equivalent to 1 million basepairs in humans). This established the rationale of genetic mapping techniques still used today.

A

A. H. Sturtevant

35
Q

provided a direct physical evidence of recombination in 1931. From their observation of maize chromosomes, they established a direct relationship between a region of the chromosomes and a gene.

A

Barbara McClintock and Harriet Creighton

36
Q

Together with —-z they detected that recombination can be physically and genetically detected in both plants and animals.

A

Curt Stern

37
Q

moveable genetic elements, were also discovered by McClintock.

A

Transposons,

Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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