Transmission Flashcards
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus)
children=primary vector direct spread=middle ear, sinuses, trachea, bronchi, lungs Hematogenous spread= pleural cavity, CNS, bones, joints, peritoneal cavity, heart valves
Direct spread via close contact
(i.e. in crowded living conditions!)
Acinetobacter baumannii
.UTI: urination from fomite source;
enters through catheters
soil, foods (vegetables, meat, fish)
skin colonization (rarely throat,
nares, GI tract);
contaminated environmental sites
and medical equipment; health-
care personnel w/ skin colonization
Bordetella pertussis
Very contagious
Most don’t seek treatment and
become important reservoir of
disease
spread from person-->person by coughing, sneezing, etc. infants infected by caregivers/ siblings (reservoirs) .
Francisella tularensis
direct contact w/ Rabbits, rodents, arthopods tick bites, deer flies contaminated H20, blood, tissue while handling carcasses of infected animals eating badly cooked meat of infected animals inhalation of dust from bad soil,etc.
Doesn’t pass from person–>person
.
Yersina pestis
Animal reservoir (ground rodents, cats, rabbits
transmitted via vector (flea)
pneumonic form transmitted human-
to-human
(Bubonic plague via flea from ground
rodents and rabbits)
Primary pneumonic: from human or cat w/
pneumonic plague; act of bioterrorism
.
Brucella spp.
Animal reservoirs (cows, sheeps/goats, pigs)
(bison, elk, wild boars, herbivores)
Genitourinary tract&mammary glands infected
Direct contact w/ animals or
consumption of unpasterurized
dairy products
Rarely inhalation of aerosols from animal
CAN’T be transmitted human-to-human
or by arthropod vectors
.
Coxiella burnetii
Animal reservoirs Inhalation of animal aerosols handling viscera (including amniotic fluid, placentas) drinking raw milk sometimes by ticks (*has spore-like form that permits distribution over several miles by wind…Category B agent of bioterrorism)
CAN’T be transmitted human-to-human
.
Chlamydia
Psittacosis: reservoir=birds
spread by inhaling organisms in dried bird feces
Pneumonia: reservoir=humans
respiratory spread
Ocular, respiratory, genital tract infections:
reservoir=humans;
Neonatal infections: contracted from mother
during pasage through birth canal
Most common sexually transmitted disease
Often clinically silent, so left untreated, which
contributes to sexual transmission
Severe Pneumonia: concentrated aerosols
(C. trachomatis)
.
Legionella
attacks 2-5% of those exposed
(Pontiac fever attacks 95% of those exposed
indiscrminately)
Found in environment, esp. H2O (best in warm water) People breathe in mist/vapor Think: hot tubs and air conditioning systems on tall buildings
Bacteria NOT spread human-to-human
.
Mycoplasma
.
Mycobacterium bovis
humans and cows = reservoirs consumption of unpasteurized milk (can lead to extrapulmonary TB-->bone infections-->hunched backs) .
Mycobacterium avium
.
Mycobacterium leprae
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
humans= only reservoir
People who have TB infection but not TB
disease are NOT infectious (and will normally
have normal CXR)
SNEEZING, coughing, talking, etc.
.
Nocardia Asteroides Complex
inhalation
(not transmitted from person to person,
not usually nosocomial)
contamination of wounds w/ soil (cutaneous
disease)
.
