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Pulm Micro > Diseases, Clinical Presentation, Time Course, Signs, Symptoms > Flashcards

Diseases, Clinical Presentation, Time Course, Signs, Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q 
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus)
Disease
A

CA pneumonia
meningitis, sinusitis,
otitis media, sepsis
sometimes endocaridtis

(most common cause of
meningitis unless 
outbreak of Neisseria
meningitidis, most 
common cause of OM 
and sinusitis, most common
cause of CA pneumonia)
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2
Q 
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus)
Time Course
A

…

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3
Q 
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus)
Signs
A 
Pneumonia: diminished respiratory
excursion on affected side (due to 
pleuritic pain); crackles, inc. fremitus
rust-colored sputum, shaking chills
pleural effusion in 40% pts
Meningitis: inflammation& swelling of 
meninges& brain tissue; 
babies may be irritable, high-pitched
cry, stiff or floppy, bulge over fontanelle;
drowsy, confused, delirious; seizures,
loss of consciousness
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4
Q 
Streptococcus pneumonia (pneumococcus)
Symptoms
A

Pneumonia: cough, fatigue, fever,
chills, sweats, SOB. (esp in young
pts); appear ill, grayish, anxious;

Meningitis: headache, stiff neck,
sensitivity to bright lights (all due
to increased pressure on brain);

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5
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Disease

A

Diptheria

Pseudomembrane lesion

Toxin in blood–>damage to
organs, esp. heart

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6
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Time Course

A

…

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7
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Signs

A

Neck Swelling in severe disease

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8
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria

Symptoms

A 
Respiratory Diptheria: sore throat,
low-grade fever, adherent psudo-
membrane of tonsils, pharynx, or throat
Pseudomembrane: sore throat,
lymphadenitis
Cutaneous diptheria: infected skin lesions
which lack a characteristic appearance
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9
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

Disease

A 
pneumonia: esp if in ICU on
ventilator
blood infection: catheter in 
vein; spreads from primary
infection
meningitis: after surgery on 
brain/spine; shunts/drains
UTI: 
respiratory infections
Skin/wound infection
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10
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Disease

A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

respiratory illness

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11
Q

Francisella tularensis

Disease

A 
Tularemia
("Rabbit Fever")
6 Forms:
typhoidal,
pneumonic,
oculoglandular
oropharyngeal,
ulcerogladular,
glandular
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12
Q

Yersina pestis

Disease

A

Plague
(Bubonic plague= most
common natural form of
plague)

Secondary plague pneumonia
(follows bubonic plague; rare)
contagious!!!
Primary plague pneumonia
(bioterrorist attack form)
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13
Q

Brucella spp.

Disease

A

Brucellosis

undulant fever

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14
Q

Coxiella burnetii

Disease

A

Q fever

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15
Q

Chlamydia

Disease

A

Atypical (Walking) Pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumoniae
mild, 7-21 day incubation
accounts for 6-10% CA-pneum

Psittacosis (parrot fever)
(caused by Chlamydia psittaci)

Ocular, Respiratory, and 
Genital tract infections
(Chlamydia trachomatis)
Trachoma (conjunctiva infection)
Genital (even cervical squamous
cell carcinoma)
Neonatal pneumonia (etc.)
Neonatal inclusion conjunctivitis
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
Serious Pneumonia
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16
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Disease

A

Atypical Pneumonia
(Walking Pneumonia)

(Legionaires’ disease)

Pontiac fever
(milder illness caused by L.
pneumophilia also)

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17
Q

Mycoplasma
(M. pneumoniae)
Disease

A 
Primary Atypical Pneumonia
(Walking Pneumonia)
M. pneumoniae
5-10% of all CA pneumonias
15-50% of pneumonias observed
in school children/young adults

Nonspecific (nongonococcal)
urethritis (Ureaplasma urealyticum)

Postpartum fever
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(both caused by M. hominis)

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18
Q

Mycobacterium bovis

Disease

A

TB in cows and rarely humans

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19
Q

Mycobacterium avium

Disease

A

TB-like disease prevalent in AIDS

pts

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20
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

Disease

A

leprosy

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21
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Disease

A

TB

recognize difference b/w infection
and disease.
Only 3-4% of infected individuals will
develop active disease upon initial
infection.  5-10% w/in one year (more
likely if HIV+)

Usually host will control infection
so that it will not progress to disease
or it won’t progress through all stages

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22
Q

Nocardia Asteroides Complex

Disease

A

Nocardiosis
(opportunisitic infection)
usually presents as pulmonary

Can present as local abscess if
traumatically induced

If dissemination from lungs–>
bacteremia, empyema, brain abscess
pericarditis, synovitis, soft tissue
infection

Peritonitis and corneal ulcers

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23
Q

Actinomyces israelii Complex

Disease

A

Actinomycosis
(Chronic bacterial disease)

infections of oral and cervicofacial
regions=most common

thoracic, abdominopelvic, CNS regions
can be involoved

Pulmonary actinomycosis
Facial actinomycosis
Jaw actionmycosis (“Lumpy jaw”)
GI infections

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24
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Clinical Presentation

A 
Rarely more than debilitating annoyance
for adolescents and adults (may never
experience classic cough), but if
untreated, persistent coughing lasts for
7 weeks

Divided into 3 stages: Catarrhal,
Paroxysmal, Convalescent

May have atypical presentation in
infants and children who’ve been
vaccinated

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25
Q

Francisella tularensis

Clinical Presentation

A

Mimics many other diseases

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26
Q

Yersina pestis

Clinical Presentation

A 
If exposure via flea:
bubonic…25% progress to septicemia…
leads to secondary pneumonic plague
with septicemia (100% fatal if left
untreated)

If exposure via bioterrorism:
Primary pneumonic plague first…
then septicemia

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27
Q

Brucella spp.

Clinical Presentation

A

Symptoms often confused w/ TB, but
rarely involves the lungs

Slow moving, chronic infection; but
initial infection can be acute

may go on for several yrs before treated

Long term sequelae sometimes:
hepatitis, endocarditis

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28
Q

Coxiella burnetii

Clinical Presentation

A

One-third to one-half asymptomatic

Acute febrile illness, atypical pneumonia
(lasts 2-4 wks); 
Sometimes liver and heart involvement; 
Long-term chronic infections=rare, 
but may lead to endocarditis or 
granulomatis hepatitis
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29
Q

Chlamydia

Clinical Presentation

A

hallmark of chlamydial infection:
most cases have mild to no apparent
clinical disease, while some have
severe

Pneumonia also assoc w/
sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis,
exacerbated asthma, coronary heart
disease?

(interaction of serum lipoprotein w/
circulating C. pneumoniae immune
complexes–>atherosclerosis)

cause of 35-50% nongonococcal urethritis
in men; common cause of cervicitis, PID, &
sterility in women
**All three serotypes can–>systemic (hemotagenous spread)

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30
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Clinical Presentation

A

usually single, isolated cases–NOT cluster of
cases

Pontiac Fever usually milder disease and
passes in 2-5 days

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31
Q

Mycoplasma
(M. pneumoniae)
Clinical Presentation

A

mild respiratory infections w/ sore throat and
pharyngitis in the 1-5yr old group w/ primary
atypical pneumonia

Upper and lower respiratory illness in all age
groups

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32
Q

Actinomyces israelii Complex

Clinical Presentation

A

Localized swelling w/ suppuration, abscess

formation, tissue fibrosis, draining sinuses

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33
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Clinical Presentation

A

95% of infections are asymptomatic or lead
to cough and fever

minority of infections–>chronic and relapsing
pneumonia that resembles TB

Fatality rate w/ untreated systemic disease=
80% (25% if treated)

(flu like symptoms at first)

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34
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

Time Course

A

…

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35
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Time Course

A

…

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36
Q

Francisella tularensis

Time Course

A

…

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37
Q

Yersina pestis

Time Course

A

…

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38
Q

Brucella spp.

Time Course

A

…

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39
Q

Coxiella burnetii

Time Course

A

…

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40
Q

Chlamydia

Time Course

A 
incubation period of C. pneumoniae
is 3-4 wks
gradual onset (may be biphasic)
symptoms of bronchits or pneumonia
may follow URI symptoms (i.e. rhinitis,
laryngitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis) in 
1-4 wks
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41
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Time Course

A

symptoms usually begin 2-14 days
after exposure

Pontiac fever: symptoms last for 2-5
days

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42
Q

Mycoplasma
(M. pneumoniae)
Time Course

A

Gradual, insidious onset of several
days to weeks

incubation period about 3 wks
(in contrast to viral pneumonias, which
average few days)

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43
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Time Course

A

Slow generation time (15-20 hrs)

Stage 2 begins 7-21 days after intial
infection

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44
Q

Nocardia Asteroides Complex

Time Course

A

…

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45
Q

Actinomyces israelii Complex

Time Course

A

…

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46
Q

Fungal Infections in General

Time Course

A

…

47
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Time Course

A

…

48
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Time Course

A

…

49
Q

Coccidioides immitis

Time Course

A

…

50
Q

Aspergillosis

Time Course

A

…

51
Q

Mucormycosis
(Zygomycetes fungi:
Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor Species)
Time Course

A

…

52
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

Signs

A

Fever
Red, swollen, warm, painful skin areas
orange, bumpy skin w/ blisters
Cough

53
Q

Brucella spp.

Signs

A

Typical lesion on biopsy (bone/liver) is

granuloma

54
Q

Chlamydia

Signs

A

pharyngeal erythema w/out exudate

rhonchi and rales (even in mild disease)

55
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Signs

A

high fever, chills, cough

56
Q

Nocardia Asteroides Complex

Signs

A

Cutaneous Nocardiosis:
ulcers or nodules
chronic infection–>draining tracts

57
Q

Actinomyces israelii Complex

Signs

A

sulfur granules

58
Q

Acinetobacter baumannii

Symptoms

A 
Chest pain
Dyspnea
burning feeling while urinating
sleepiness
headaches
stiff neck
59
Q

Bordetella pertussis

Symptoms

A

Early symptoms (last for 1-2 wks):
Runny nose, low-grade fever, mild cough,
apnea (in infants)
Catarrhal: similar to “common cold”
mild cough gradually increases (see above)
Paroxysmal: cough persists and incr…
paroxysmal attacks…classic cough
(long series w/ gagging&cyanosis, whooping)
2-6 wks; complications most likely this stage
Convalescent: cough subsides over wks and
months; episodic cough may reappear w/
subsequent URIs

60
Q

Francisella tularensis

Symptoms

A

fever, chills, joint and muscle pain,
headache, weakness, pneumonia–>
chest pain, bloody sputum, dyspnea
Ulcerglandular tularemia (most common):
skin ulcer@site of infection, swollen&pain-
ful lymph glands; fever; chills; headache;
exhaustion
Glandular tularemia: same as ulceroglandular
except no skin ulcers
Oculoglandular tularemia: eye pain, eye redness,
eye swelling and discharge; ulcer on inside eyelid
Oropharyngeal tularemia: (digestive tract); fever
sore throat; vomiting; diarrhea
Pneumonic tularemia: pneumonia signs&symptoms

61
Q

Yersina pestis

Symptoms

A

Bubonic: (60% fatality if untreated);
initial infection from flea bite (1-8 day incubation)
swollen painful axial/inguinal, femoral lymphnode
fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, prostration
ulcerous/macular lesion possibly @site of flea bite
(not as prominent as in tularemia/anthrax)
Septicemic: (w/ or w/out buboes); rapid progression,
severe toxemia & general organ failure; vomiting,
diarrhea; petechiae to extreme DIC
Pneumonic: (100% fatal if not treated); Secondary
pneumonic will include septicemia; dissemination
from primary infection; productive sputum more
bloody and watery than purulent; necrotic

62
Q

Brucella spp.

Symptoms

A

Flu symptoms w/ high fever
Relapsing fever (nocturnal w/ night sweats)
weakness, generalized symptoms (back ache, etc.)
weight loss, fatigue

Can be localized… infects bones (esp. lower vertebrae)
liver, heart, GI, and genitourinary tracts (orchitis)

If inhaled aerosols….dry cough, pleuritic pain (CXR
might be negaitve); expected course if bioterrorism

63
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

Symptoms

A

similar to many other forms of pneumonia
high fever, chills, cough
muscle aches and headaches sometimes

Pontiac fever: fever, headaches, muscle aches
WITHOUT Pneumonia!

64
Q

Mycoplasma
(M. pneumoniae)
Symptoms

A 
Fever
Malaise
Persistent, slowly worsening dry cough
(absence of cough makes Dx unlikely)
headache
chills, not rigors
scratchy sore throat
sore chest and tracheal tenderness (due to cough)
pleuritic chest pain (rare)
65
Q

Nocardia Asteroides Complex

Symptoms

A 
Pulmonary nocardiosis: 
blood in sputum
fever
night sweats
weight loss
chest pain accompanying ventilation
Cerebral nocardiosis:
headache
confusion
general lethargy
dissipating neuro function
seizures
66
Q

Actinomyces israelii Complex

Symptoms

A 
Chest pain when taking deep breath
Cough w/ sputum
Fever
Lethargy
night sweats
shortness of breath
weight loss
67
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Symptoms

A

fever
night sweats
weight loss

In immunodeficient individuals/infants:
disseminated disease…renal failure, CNS effects (i.e.
meningitis, encephalitis)
In AIDS:
abdominal masses/ ulcers
68
Q

Coccidioides immitis

Symptoms

A 
fever
arthralgia
fatigue
rash
(fatigue can last for wks/months)
69
Q

Aspergillosis

Symptoms

A

life-threatening hemoptysis

70
Q

Influenza viruses

Symptoms

A 
Chills
fever (can be very high in infants-->convulsions, nausea
vomiting, abdominal pain)
headache
weakness/fatigue
muscle pains
general discomfort, body aches
runny or stuffy nose
sore throat
dry cough

fever may be absent in elderly/immunocompromised
pts (as well as other systemic symptoms)

Symptoms of complications:
viral pneumonia: preceding flu syndrome–>worsening
cough, tachypnea, increasing dyspnea, sometimes
bloody sputum
Secondary bacteria pneumonia: typical episode of flu
w/ recovery–>recurrence of fever, increased respiratory
symptoms, productive cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea

71
Q

Rhinoviruses

Symptoms

A 
dryness/irriation of nose
sore throat
rhinorrhea
nasal congestion
sneezing
headache
facial & ear pressure
loss of smell and taste
Sometimes cough, sometimes hoarseness for up to wk

Fever and malaise and other systemic symptoms are
usually ABSENT
(consider other diagnosis if present)

72
Q

Adenovirus

Symptoms

A

Respiratory: Cough, fever, runny nose, watery eyes,
sore throat

Ocular:
“sand” in eye, fever, runny nose, sore throat

GI:
Diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, blood in urine
(cystitis)

73
Q

Coronaviruses

Symptoms

A 
Cold Symptoms (runny nose, sore throat, cough, head-
ache, fever, chills, etc.)
Enteric infection: (occasionally, mostly in infants< 1yo)
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Neurological syndromes (rare)
SARS:
Fever is first symptom
flu-like symptoms
Dry cough, SOB, hypoxia
Respiratory failure in 20% of pts
GI symptoms
Lymphopenia
74
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Symptoms

A

In adults: rhinorrhea, cough, headache, fatigue, fever

Initial URT symptoms:
similar to common cold w/ progression rapidly in 1-2 days

LRT disease
Low-grade fever
Cough
tachypnea
polyphonic wheezing
rales
cyanosis
retractions
sepsis-like presentation/ apneic episodes in very young

May have associated OM (viral OR bacterial)
Also should assess infant’s hydration status

75
Q 
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Symptoms
A

Broad spectrum, from mild–>severe

Similar to RSV, but may include:
high fever
myalgia
rhinorrhea
dyspnea
tachypnea
wheezing
May exacerbate asthma or COPD
OM
pneumonitis
flu-like illness
CA pneumonia
76
Q

Human Parainfluenza viruses 1-4 (hPIVs)

Symptoms

A

fever
nasal congestion
pharyngeal erythema
nonproductive or minimally productive cough
(or cough that may develop into croup…high-pitch, seal-
like barking cough w/ stridor)
hoarseness

If hPIV3 involved, symptoms worsen, bronchiolitis and/
or pneumonia may develop

77
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Symptoms

A 
1st Stage:
Fever and chills
headaches
muscle aches
vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
sometimes cough, usually dizziness
tachycardia
tachypnea
Usually ABSENT:
signs of viral URI (i.e. rhinorrhea and pharygitis)
2nd Stage:
A cough w/ secretions
SOB
Fluid accumulating in lungs
Low blood pressure
Reduced heart efficiency
Symptoms may worsen suddenly as lungs fill w/ fluid

“feels like tight band around my chest and pillow
over my face”

78
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Disease

A

Histoplasmosis

79
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Disease

A

Blastomycosis

80
Q

Coccidioides immitis

Disease

A

Coccidioidomycosis

Valley Fever

81
Q

Aspergillosis

Disease

A

Aspergillosis

Seen as allergic sinusitis and allergic
bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
(ABPA)
… in asthma and CF pts

Seen as invasive pulmonary infection
in immunocompromised pts
(Invasive aspergillosis can spread
beyond lung–>CNS)

82
Q

Mucormycosis
(Zygomycetes fungi:
Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor Species)
Disease

A

Mucormycosis
zygomycosis

fungal pneumonia
invasive rhinocerbral

83
Q 
Pneumocystic jerovici (carinii)
Disease
A

Pneumocystic pneumonia (PcP)

84
Q

Influenza viruses

Disease

A

Influenza

85
Q

Rhinoviruses

Disease

A

Common Cold

86
Q

Adenovirus

Disease

A

Respiratory infection
Eye infection
GI tract infection

Acute febrile disease, pharyngitis, or
pharyngoconjunctival fever
Bronchitis/bronchiolitis
Croup
Pneumonia
Acute Respiratory Disease (sero. 4& 7)
Conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
Acute gastro enteritis (sero. 40& 41)
Obesity? (serotypes 36& 37)
87
Q

Coronaviruses

Disease

A

Respiratory infections
enteric infections

Common cold (15-395 common cold
cases in winter and early spring)

Croup in young children

Exacerbations of asthma and chronic
bronchitis

Pneumonia occasionally (infants, 
elderly, immunocompromised)

SARS
(can lead to systemic disease–>
GI tract, liver, kidney, brain, etc.)

88
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Disease

A 
Leading viral cause of serious lower
respiratory tract infections in infants
world wide
Most common cause of bronchiolitis
and pneumonia in infants < 1yo

Recurrent infections w/ increasing
age are usually limited to URT
(usually more severe than common
cold)

Does NOT cause systemic infection

89
Q 
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Disease
A

Second most commonly identified
cause of pediatric lower respiratory
illness (behind RSV)

Acute respiratory disease (ARDs)
(in older children & adults)

broad spectrum of respiratory illness
(from mild symptoms–>severe cough,
bronchiolitis, pneumonia)

Does NOT cause systemic infection

90
Q

Human Parainfluenza viruses 1-4 (hPIVs)

Disease

A 
Croup (hPIV 1, 2, and 3)…(larynx and
upper trachea are involved)
bronchiolitis (hPIV 3)
pneumonia (hPIV3)
(hPIV3 second only to RSV as cause of
pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants
and young children!!)
hPIV4 causes less severe disease, so
detected less often
Other upper and lower RTIs

30-40% of all acute respiratory tract
infections in infants and children

Does NOT cause systemic infection

91
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Disease

A

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

severe, sometimes fatal respiratory

92
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Clinical Presentation

A

50% of infections are symptomatic

least significant= flu-like illness

Some cases = acute pneumonia w/ purulent,
brown, or bloody sputum

chronic lung infections mimics TB or lung
cancer b/c formation of mass-like lesions

Infection can disseminate despite lung
resolution–>warty skin lesions, bone, GU tract
prostate
5% AIDS pts will contract meningitis

93
Q

Coccidioides immitis

Clinical Presentation

A

Disease in 40% of infections

Almost all pts fully recover, but w/ lingering
fatigue

5% develop progressive pneumonia
1% disseminated infection–>meninges, skin,
bone

94
Q

Aspergillosis

Clinical Presentation

A

Pts w/ underlying pulmonary conditions
(chronic bronchitis, asthma, TB, etc.) may form
“fungal ball” (aspergilloma) at sites of
pre-existing lesions

Disseminated disease is almost universally
fatal

95
Q

Mucormycosis
(Zygomycetes fungi:
Absidia, Rhizopus, Mucor Species)
Clinical Presentation

A

pneumonia:

invasive rhinocerbral:
headache–>coma–>death (b/c sinus infection
erodes straight to brain)

96
Q 
Pneumocystic jerovici (carinii)
Clinical Presentation
A

diffuse, interstitial pneumonia w/ little
fever–>dyspnea and cyanosis as lung
infiltrates appear on x-ray–>reduced O2
saturation–>death by asphyxia

97
Q

Influenza viruses

Clinical Presentation

A

Type C usually asymptomatic, sometimes very
mild respiratory, not epidemics

usually self-limited and not serious, but can
be deadly, esp. due to lower respiratory
complications

Complications:
Pneumonia (most common and most serious)
…primary viral pneumonia: abruptly develops
and deteriorates w/in 1-4 days
…Secondary bacterial pneumonia (super-
infection): common; virus damages bronchial
epithelium and disrupts mucociliary clearance
of bacteria; susceptible pts 5 days after onset
(especially pneumococcus, but S. aureus &
haemophilus also seen)…Combined bacterial-
viral infection (during recovery) vs. Post-flu
bacterial pneumonia (after recovery)
Sinus & ear infections
Reye’s syndrome–noninflammatory cerebral
edema & fatty infiltration of liver–>severe
hepatic dysfunction; usually in children
If flu during pregnancy:
loss of fetus, congenital heart defects, limb
malformations (esp during 2nd &3rd trimesters

98
Q

Rhinoviruses

Clinical Presentation

A

Restricted to upper respiratory tract (but may
also cause otitis media and sinusitis)

(Many pts w/ actue otitis media have rhinovirus
present in nasopharyngeal secretions/middle
ear fluid)

May exacerbate asthma, CF, chronic bronchitis
and serious lower respiratory tract illness in
infants, elderly persons, immunocompromised

99
Q

Adenovirus

Clinical Presentation

A

Up to 55% infections may be asymptomatic

100
Q 
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Clinical Presentation
A

Bronchiolitis = most common presentation of

hMPV (w/ or w/out pneumonia)

101
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Clinical Presentation

A

flu-like symptoms that can progress to life-
threatening pneumonia

Starts w/ prodrome of fever, muscle aches…
rapid onset of interstitial pulmonary edema–>
respiratory failure–>cardiogenic shock–>death

2 distinct stages:
….flu-like symptoms difficult to distinguish from
influenza, pneumonia, etc.
…After 3-7 days, more serious signs and symptoms

102
Q 
Pneumocystic jerovici (carinii)
Time Course
A

…

103
Q

Influenza viruses

Time Course

A 
Virus shedding begins 1 day before 
onset of illness
viral titer peaks w/in 48 hours post
infection
Little virus shedding occurs after 6-8
days

Fever and general systemic complaints
usually disappear 3-5 days
Respiratory complaints last for wks

Short, 2-day incubation period, rapid
onset and dissemination of infection

104
Q

Rhinoviruses

Time Course

A 
12-72 hr incubation period
illness usually begins w/ nose dryness/
sore throat-->then  watery rhinorrhea,
nasal congesition, sneezing…intensify
over next 2-3 days

Symptoms generally last 7-11 days

105
Q

Adenovirus

Time Course

A

…

106
Q

Coronaviruses

Time Course

A

Incubation for SARS is 2-10 days
…early sympoms last 2-7 days
…dry cough, SOB, hypoxia begin after
3-7 days

107
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Time Course

A 
1-3 days after infection…cough & low
fever develop (w/ possible wheezing)
(mild courses don't progress beyond this)

Coughing and wheezing progress;
infants become dyspneic & tachypnea

hypoxemia; may require hospitalization
for several wks

108
Q 
Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV)
Time Course
A

…

109
Q

Human Parainfluenza viruses 1-4 (hPIVs)

Time Course

A

…

110
Q

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)

Time Course

A

Symptoms may develop b/w 1-5 wks

after exposure to urine, droppings, etc.

111
Q

Rhinoviruses

Signs

A

No erythema, exudate, ulceration

despite sore throat

112
Q

Coxiella burnetii

Symptoms

A

Acute febrile illness, atypical pneumonia (lasts 2-4 wks)
Sometimes liver and heart involvement
Long-term chronic infections=rare, but may lead to
endocarditis or granulomatis hepatitis

113
Q

Chlamydia

Symptoms

A

usually asymptomatic

sometimes symptoms of bronchitis or pneumonia may
follow URI symptoms

sputum scant, cough prominent
persistent cough
malaise
Hx of hoarseness
headache (common nonclassical finding)
fever in first few days esp., usually not reported
sinus percussion tenderness (more common than in
other pneumonias)

Pulm Micro (9 decks)

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