Transmissible Infection Prevention Flashcards
What is a reservoir?
A reservoir is where the microbe is found (location) and include people, objects, food, water, vectors and soil.
How is PPE selected?
PPE is selected based on the mode of transmission (contact, droplet or airborne) and patient interaction
Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette include…
Respiratory hygiene and cough ettiquette include…
- Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue or sleeve when coughing and sneezing.
- Offer surgical masks to anyone coughing or sneezing
- maintain distance of 3 ft or more from those with suspected respiratory infection.
- Dispose of used tissues immediately and perform hand hygiene.
List the 8 steps when transporting a patient on CONTACT precautions:
List the 8 steps when transporting a patient on CONTACT precautions:
- Notify receiving team
- Hand hygiene
- Don gown / gloves
- Contain / cover areas of pts body that are infected / colonized.
- Remove/ dispose of PPE
- Hand hygiene
- Don new gloves, disinfect bed and controls touched during transport
- Remove gloves, hand hygiene.
Simplified test question: Notify –> hands –> cover/contain –> remove PPE
Airborne diseases include…
Airborne diseases include measles, shingles, chickenpox and pulmonary TB.
All have particles that are less than 5 nanometers, remain airborne for prolonged periods and are carried by normal air currents.
Pts with an airborne illness should be…
Pts with an airborne illness should be…
- Placed in an AIIR (airborne infection isolation room)
- HCPs wear N-95 or PAPR (except in surgery)
- When transporting to OR, contact and coordinate arrival, cover skin lesions associated with the disease, place surgical mask on pt. No mask needed for transport personnel.
- Postpone elective surgery or if urgent/emergent, schedule at the end of the day.
- Place bacterial filter on ET tube
- Use a HEPA filter
- Restrict OR access until 99% of organisms have been filtered (28 minutes for 15 air exchanges / hr)
- Visitors wear masks and do hand hygiene
Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI’s)
HAI’s will impact 1 out of 25 hospitalized patients, resulting in an annual US cost in the Billions of $.
Which of the 3 elements required for an infection to occur is related to inanimate environmental surfaces?
Source or reservoir is required for infection to occur via inanimate environmental surfaces.
OSHA requires HCPs to wear what PPE when splashes, spray, spatter or droplets of blood or other infectious material can be reasonably anticipated?
OSHA requires masks, eye protection, shoe covers, gloves and impervious gowns when splashes, spray, spatter or droplets of blood or other infectious material can be reasonably anticipated.
What factors determine the likelihood of transmission and persistence of MDROs?
Factors that determine the likelihood of transmission and persistence of MDROs include:
- effectiveness of prevention methods
- numbers of colonized patients
- vulnerability of the patients
Droplet precautions include all of the following:
Droplet precautions include all of the following:
- Donning PPE
- Placing a mask on pt during transport
- Placing the pt in a single-pt room
- Using an isolation room for the patient
Does NOT include consulting with the risk manager.
Name a potential reservoir for infection transmission in the periop setting?
Potential reservoirs in the periop setting are:
- ventilator humidifier
- OR table
- safety strap
(anything in contact with pt or pt’s secretions)
The patient most likely to acquire an HAI is…
A susceptible host with a portal of entry that would receive the infectious agent.
For example, a 4 year old leukemia patient undergoing port placement.
What is the primary strategy for reducing HAIs
The primary strategy for reducing HAIs is utilization of standard precautions which may include the use of hand hygiene, PPE, environmental controls, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, safe injection practices, safe textile and laundry handling practices.
How does the periop nurse determine what constitutes proper isolation precautions for a particular patient?
The periop nurse determine what constitutes proper isolation precautions for a particular patient by following physician orders, considering the infection source and transmission qualities of the organism and collaborating with the infection preventionist.
