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Biology - Molecular Genetics > Translation: mRNA to Protein > Flashcards

Translation: mRNA to Protein Flashcards

1
Q

3 Stages of Translation

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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2
Q

Initiation Simple Definition

A

mRNA joins a ribosome

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3
Q

Elongation Simple Definition

A

Polypeptide grows

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4
Q

Termination Simple Definition

A

Ribosome, tRNA, mRNA and polypeptide all dissociate

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5
Q

Initiation - A

A

Small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA

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6
Q

Initiation - B

A

An initiator tRNA with anticodon UAC base-pairs makes H-bonds with AUG stat codon on an mRNA molecule

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7
Q

Initiation - C

A

Initiator tRNA carries the amino acid called methionine (Met)

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8
Q

Initiation - D

A
  • Large ribosomal subunits binds
  • Forms the initiation complex
  • 3 sites are formed
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9
Q

How is the initiation complex formed?

A

With the help of proteins called initiation factors

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10
Q

A site

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA site

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11
Q

P Site

A
  • Peptidyl-tRNA site
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12
Q

Where is initiator tRNA found?

A

In the P site

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13
Q

E Site

A

Exit

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14
Q

Note about initiation

A

GTP (energy) is required for initiation

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15
Q

Steps of Elongation

A
  • Codon recognition
  • Peptide Bond Formation
  • Translocation
  • Repeat
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16
Q

Codon Recognition

A
  • mRNA codon in A site forms H-bonds with the anticodon of the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA
  • elongation factor then ushers tRNA in
17
Q

Peptide Bond Formation

A

Ribosome catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acid in P site with the amino acid in A site

18
Q

Translocation

A
  • tRNA in A site is moved to P site taking mRNA with it
  • The tRNA in the P site moves to the E site and is released
  • Ribosome shifts position by 1 codon
19
Q

What does the process of translocation require?

A

The hydrolysis of GTP

20
Q

Repeat

A
  • Repeat process until polypeptide is complete
21
Q

Definition of the word Translocation

A

Process of shifting

22
Q

Termination - A

A

Ribosome reaches termination codon (STOP codon) on mRNA

23
Q

Termination - B

A

A site accepts a protein called a release factor instead of tRNA

24
Q

Termination - C

A
  • Release factor hydrolyzes the bond between tRNA and amino acid in P site
  • Polypeptide is freed
25
Q

What does hydrolyzes mean?

A

Add water instead of an amino acid to polypeptide chain

26
Q

Termination - D

A

Ribosomal subunits dissociates

27
Q

What are polyribosomes?

A
  • More than 1 ribosome can attach and synthesis many polypeptides at the same time
  • Forms a string of ribosomes
28
Q

What do polyribosomes help with?

A

Help create many copies of a protein if speedy synthesis is needed

29
Q

Aminoacyl tRNA=

A

tRNA + Amino Acid

Biology - Molecular Genetics (12 decks)

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