Intro to Genetic Technologies Flashcards
1
Q
Reasons genetic technologies are used
A
- Predict inheritance patterns to prevent disease
- Forensic sciences
- To make super-crops and super-livestock
2
Q
Examples of forensic sciences
A
- Fingerprinting
- Paternity testing
- Crime scene investigation
3
Q
What is recombinant DNA?
A
- Most common form of DNA manipulation
- Joining or recombining of gene material from 2 different sources
4
Q
To recombine DNA…
A
- You need to be able to cut and paste DNA
- Several types of enzymes are used
5
Q
Restriction Endonucleases Simple Definition
A
DNA “scissors”
6
Q
Restriction Endonucleases Complex Definition
A
- Cut the double stranded DNA into fragments at specific recognition sites, usually a few base pairs long
- Also called restriction enzymes
7
Q
Sticky End
A
- Cut sites are not directly across from each other
- Cuts produce single stranded “tails” of DNA
- Easy to rejoin complementary sticky ends
8
Q
Blunt End
A
- Cut sites are directly across from each other
- Do not produce single stranded “tails” of DNA
- Complementarity is not required, they join with any other blunt end
9
Q
Methylates Simple Definition
A
- DNA “protectors”
10
Q
Methylates Complex Definition
A
- They add a methyl group (CH3) to one of the nucleotides found in a restriction site
- Act like a molecular ‘road-block’
11
Q
DNA Ligases Simple Definition
A
DNA “glue”
12
Q
DNA Ligases Complex Definition
A
- Joins complementary bases with hydrogen bonds
- Forms phosphodiester bonds
13
Q
DNA polymerase Simple Definition
A
DNA Builder
14
Q
DNA polymerase Complex Definition
A
- Used to copy DNA
- Requires a primer to begin synthesis
- Can be used in PCR
15
Q
RNA Polymerase Simple Definition
A
RNA Builders
