Translation and Transcription Flashcards
What is RNA
The intermediate between genes on DNA and the proteins they code for
What is Transcription
The process of making RNA from DNA
It produces mRNA (messenger RNA)
What is Translation
The production of polypeptide which uses mRNA
Happens in ribosomes
How does the body get around the fact that there are more amino acids than types of bases
A triplet code is used.
3 nucleotides in a row form the code for 1 amino acid
What is a Codon
The mRNA base triplets
How many stop codons are there
3
What happens during Transcription
The DNA gets separated and one side serves as the template for the mRNA
That side of DNA is called the Template strand of DNA
What happens during Transcription
The mRNA base triplets (codons) are read in the 5’ to 3’ direction
What is RNA Polymerase
It is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction, it takes apart the DNA strands and starts putting together RNA nucleotides
What is the promoter region
The place where RNA Polymerase binds to the DNA,
Where Translation starts
In which direction is mRNA always read in Translation
It always starts at 5’ and ends at 3’
What is tRNA’s use
Each carries a specific amino acid at one end and an anticodon at the other
If the anticodon connects with the base pair triplet of the mRNA the tRNA adds its amino acid to the polypeptide
What is tRNA
a molecule about 80 nucleotides long it forms a rough L shape
What do ribosomes do in Translation
They help bring together the tRNA anticodon with the mRNA to make protein
How many parts are there to ribosomes
There are 2 major parts of the ribosome (Large and Small)
