DNA into chromosomes Flashcards
What are the layers of the chromosome
condensed chromatin
made up of condensed nucleosomes
made up of histones wrapped in DNA
What does DNA wrap around to form nucleosomes
Histones
What is a genome
complete sequence of DNA in every cell
What is cell theory
All living things are composed of one or more cells
* Cells are the smallest units of living organisms
* New cells come only from pre-existing cells by cell division
What is the function of cell division
growth of the organism
repair - heal
maintenance - replace other cells
How many chromosomes do human somatic cell have
46 chromosomes organized in 23 pairs
in the pairs one is from father the other is from the mother
what are autosomes
the first 22 pairs of chromosomes
the last pair are the sex chromosomes
what is male combination of sex chromsomes
XY
What is female combination of sex chromosomes
XX
What are homologous pairs
They are the same length and centromere location and the same bands
not actually identical
They are sections of DNA that contain information on the inheritance of specific traits
Genes
What are alleles
different forms of the same gene
ex: gene - eye color
allele - brown, blue
what is a karyotype
a photograph of a an individual’s set of chromosomes
THey do this by stopping the process of mitosis and then staining them and taking a picture
What is an X linked recessive disorder, example, diff between male and female
Requires all X chromosomes to have that allele.
more common in males
hemophilia, color blindness
