Translation and transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

What is transcription?

A

where one gene on the DNA is copied into mRNA

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2
Q

What is the process of transcription?

A
  • the DNA helix unwinds to expose the basis to act as a template
  • only one chain of DNA acts as a template
  • like DNA replication, this unwinding and unzipping is catalysed by DNA helicase
  • DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases
  • free mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus align opposite exposed complementary DNA bases
  • the enzyme RNA polymerase bonds together the RNA nucleotides to create a new RNA polymer chain, one entire gene is copied
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3
Q

What is the anticodon complimentary to in translation?

A

the anticodon in tRNA is complimentary to the codon on the mRNA

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4
Q

What is the process of translation?

A
  • when the mRNA has left the nucleus, it attaches to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
  • the ribosome attaches at the start codon
  • the tRNA molecule with the complementary anticodon aligns opposite the mRNA, held in place by the ribosome
  • the ribosome will move along the mRNA molecule to enable another complementary tRNA to attach to the next codon on mRNA
  • the two amino acids that have been delivered by the tRNA molecule are joined by a peptide bond, this is catalysed by an enzyme and requires ATP
  • this continues until the ribosome reaches the stop codon at the end of the mRNA molecule, the amino acid chain (primary structure) then detaches and changes its structure
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