Translation

Question 1

In prokaryotes, the two subunits of the ribosome are _________ and _________

Answer 1

30s and 50s

Question 2

In eukaryotes, the two subunits of the ribosome are ___________ and ___________

Answer 2

40’s and 60s

Question 3

There are three tRNA binding sites.

Answer 3

A,P and E

Question 4

The small subunit of the ribosome has the decoding groove through which the _________ passes and the _________ reads the message.

Answer 4

mRNA; tRNA

Question 5

The large subunit contain the ______________ which appears to be made entirely of ___________

Answer 5

catalytic center; RNA

Question 6

There are _______ possible codons

Answer 6

64

Question 7

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 7

Read the message and deliver the right amino acid

Question 8

The function of tRNA is dictated by __________

Answer 8

its three-dimensional folded structure.

Question 9

What is the function of aminoacyle tRNA synthetase?

Answer 9

Protein enzymes that put the right amino acid on the right tRNA

Question 10

Each amino acid/tRNA has its own __________ associated with it.

Answer 10

Aminoacyle synthetase

Question 11

What are the functions of the initiation factors?

Answer 11

Proteins that bring the ribosome to the message and assist in getting machinery assembled

Question 12

There are ________ initiation factors in bacteria and __________ in eukaryotes.

Answer 12

3; over a dozen

Question 13

A missense mutation results in an ___________

Answer 13

Amino acid change

Question 14

In a silent mutation, the mutation was in the ___________

Answer 14

Wobble position

Question 15

Hemoglobin Wayne is an example of a ______________ and leads to a protein with a longer c-terminal tail. It is associated with chronic anemia.

Answer 15

Frame shift mutation

Question 16

A nonsense mutation results in a ____________

Answer 16

Premature stop codon

Question 17

A sense mutation results in a _____________

Answer 17

Removed stop codon

Question 18

Hemoglobin Constant Spring is an example of a __________ and leads to a protein with a longer c-terminal tail. It is associated with chronic anemia.

Answer 18

Sense mutation

Question 19

The goal of initiation is to assemble to the ribosome with the start codon and the initiation methionine tRNA in the ___________

Answer 19

P-site

Question 20

In bacteria, the ribosome binds essentially right at the start codon due to the __________ and three initiation factors work to assemble to full ribosome.

Answer 20

Shine Delgarno Sequence

Question 21

The peptide bond forms when the protein chains moved from the __________ tRNA to the _________tRNA.

Answer 21

A-site, P-site

Question 22

Translocation is when the _________ and ________ move one codon over.

Answer 22

mRNA and tRNA

Question 23

Many viruses use _________ to initiate Cap-independent initiation after they shut down host cell’s cap-dependent synthesis.

Answer 23

IRES (Internal ribosome entry site)

Question 24

In eukaryotes, different start codons have different strengths depending on their _____________

Answer 24

Kozak context

Question 25

In eukaryotes, the cap binding protein elF4E can be bound by __________ that sequester it and block its function.

Answer 25

4e binding proteins (when dephosphorylated)

Question 26

The drug _____________ initiates the dephosphorylation of 4e binding proteins, which bind to elF4E, halting translation.

Answer 26

Rapamycin

Question 27

Interferon is produced when the cell is infected by a virus, which causes the ____________ to be phosphorylated, blocking its initiation and activity.

Answer 27

elF2

Question 28

During oocyte maturation, mRNA’s with short poly-A tails are inherited from the __________ and then later grow and become translationally active

Answer 28

Mother

Question 29

Transferrin bring Iron into the cell. When there is low iron, transferrin levels_________

Answer 29

Rise

Question 30

Ferritin sequesters excess Fe. When there is low iron, ferritin levels __________

Answer 30

Fall