Tools of Molecular Biology Flashcards
Restriction sites are usually ____________
Palindromes
The basis of diagnosing disease with restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) is that a disease allele has to lead to a loss or a gain of a _____________ for ____________
Cleavage site for restriction endonuclease
DNA fingerprinting is used in ______________ by examining ___________
Paternity testing; variable number of tandem repeats
Southern blotting is used to identify ___________ and __________ is used to transfer from electrophoresis gel to the membrane.
DNA; radioactive DNA probe
Northern blotting is used to identify ______________
RNA fragments
Annealing the probe to the template at the temperature just below the ___________ is essential for specific hybridization and preventing non-specific hybridization.
melting temperature of the primer of the probe
Plasmids are the vector of choice for amplification of DNA in ____________
Bacteria
Bacteriophages are used as vectors when ______________ of the introduction of the recombinant vector is required
High efficiency
___________ are hybrids of plasmids and bacteriophages. They will not kill their host cell and use a plasmid replication origin.
Cosmids
_________ are used where integration into the host genome is required.
Viral Vectors
In microarrays, there are order array of oligonucleotides primers that hybridize to DNA and RNA targets. They are flouresantly labeled so the level of RNA or DNA in the sample is inferred from the ___________
Signal intensity
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA molecules produce artificially
What does transformation mean?
When bacterial cells are made competent to take up plasmid DNA
In PCR, the DNA strand is denatured by heating to _______, then the solution is cooled to _______ which allows primers to hybridize to the template. Finally, the polymerase uses each strand as a template and make a copy by extending the 3’ end of the primer at around __________
95 degrees, 55 degrees, 72 degrees
