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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY > Translation > Flashcards

Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of translation

A
  • initiation
    -elongation
    -termination
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2
Q

The code is triplet

A

3 nucleotides grouped together encodes for a single aminoacide

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3
Q

Overlapping code

A

A change in one of the base pairs in the DNA would be expected to affect three consecutive codons and therefore three consecutive AA in the corresponding polypeptide

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4
Q

Non-overlapping

A

Each nucleotide is part of only one coden then only one AA replacement would be expected

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5
Q

Degenerate

A

Several codons correspond to the same AA

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6
Q

Specific

A

A single codon can encode only one AA an it is strictly defined which one

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7
Q

Start codons

A

AUG

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8
Q

Stop codons

A

-UAG
-UGA
-UAA

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9
Q

Properties of genetic code

A

-triplet
-Non-overlapping
-degeneratr
-specific
-universal

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10
Q

3 sites of ribosome for association with tRNA

A

-A(aminoacyl)
-P(peptidly)
-E(exit,
deacylated tRNA released )

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11
Q

Which ribosome for initiation stage

A

80s ribosome

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12
Q

At initiation stage of translation, what is bound to the P site?

A

Met-tRNAi

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13
Q

Role of Anticodon of tRNA in contact with small subunit?

A

Decoding the information contained in the mRNA

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14
Q

Role of AA carrying ends in contact with large ribosomal subunit?

A

Catalyze peptide bound formation

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15
Q

Special tRNAi

A

Initiate protein synthesis

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16
Q

Regular tRNAmet

A

Incorporate met only into a growing protein chain

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17
Q

Reading frame

A

From a specific start codon to a stop codon

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18
Q

Translation initiation step 1

A

Bringing the small ribosomal subunit to the initiation codon

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19
Q

In bacterial mRNA, nucleotides before the initiation codon

A

Shine dalgarno

20
Q

Shine dalgarno sequence is complementary to what?

A

Sequence of nucleotides near 3’ end of the 16S ribosomal RNA of small ribosomal subunit

21
Q

Role of shine dalgarno sequence

A

Guarantees the recognition and correct localization of initiation codon inside the ribosome

22
Q

Where does bacterial IF attach?

A

30s subunit

23
Q

IF1

A

-stabilizes attachment of 30s subunit to mRNA
-prevents initiator AA-tRNA from entering the wrong site on the ribosome

24
Q

IF2

A

GTP binding protein required for attachment of first AA-tRNA

25
Q

IF3

A

-Prevent larger (50s) subunit from joining prematurely to the 30s subunit
-facilitate entry of the appropriate initiator AA-tRNA

26
Q

Translation initiation step 2

A

Bringing the first AA-tRNA into the ribosome

27
Q

Translation initiation step 3

A

Assembling the complete initiation complex

28
Q

Initiation step 3

A

Once the initiator tRNA is bound to the Aug codon and the IF3 is displaced, large subunit (60s) joins the complex and the GTP bound to IF2 is hydrolyzed

29
Q

Eukaryotes, AUG codon is recognized by what?

A

Cap structure by action of eIF4E factor

30
Q

2 complexes that begins initiation in Eukaryotes

A

-43s complex
-mRNA complex

31
Q

43s complex

A

40s subunit bound to several initiation factors and initiator tRNA

32
Q

mRNA complex

A

mRNA bound to a separate group initiation factors

33
Q

Translation elongation step 1

A

-AA-tRNA selection
-entry of 2nd AA-tRNA into Vacant A site

34
Q

GTPasr required for Binding of 2nf AA-tRNA to the A site

A

In bacteria - EF-Tu
-in Eukaryotes - eEF1A

35
Q

Translation elongation step 2

A

Peptide bond formation

36
Q

Translation elongation step 2 is catalyzed by what?

A

rRNA acting as a ribozyme (peptidyl transferase)

37
Q

Translation elongation step 3

A

Translocation

38
Q

Translocation movement

A

-di peptidyl-tRNA from A site to P site of the ribosome
- deacylated tRNA from the P site to the E site

39
Q

GTP bound EFs for translocation

A

Bacteria
-EF-G

Eukaryotes
-eEF2

40
Q

Translation elongation step 4

A

Releasing the deacylated tRNA

41
Q

RF1

A

Bacterial, recognizes UAA and UAG stop codons

42
Q

RF2

A

Bacterial, recognizes UAA and UGA stop codons

43
Q

eRF1

A

Eukaryotes, recognizes all three stop codons

44
Q

RF3 and eRF3

A

Release of RF/eRF from ribosomal A site

45
Q

eRF3 GTP bound

A

eRF1 to promote cleavage of peptidyl tRNA

46
Q

final steps in translation

A

-release of deacylated tRNA from the P site
-dissociation of mRNA from ribosome
-disassembly of ribosome into it’s large nd small subunit

47
Q

Increase in rate of protein synthesis

A

-simultaneous translation
-rapid recycling of ribosomal subunits

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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