Central dogma

Question 1

Central dogma?

Answer 1

Expresses directionality in which the hereditary information is transfered from DNA to protein

Question 2

Central dogma is the concept of?

Answer 2

A DNA based Gene encoding an RNA based message that is then translated into a protein

Question 3

Location of translation

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Gene expression

Answer 4

The production of a functional product using the information encoded in a gene

Question 5

Enzymes responsible for transcription

Answer 5

DNA dependent RNA polymerase

Question 6

Initiation of transcription

Answer 6

Association of the polymerase with the DNA template

Question 7

Promoter

Answer 7

Site of DNA to which RNA polymerases molecule binds prior to initiating transcription

Question 8

RNA polymerases require the help of what to recognize the promoter?

Answer 8

Eu: transcription factors

Pro:sigma factor

Question 9

Directionality of RNA polymerases

Answer 9

3’ to 5’

Question 10

Directionality of growing complementary strand of RNA

Answer 10

5’ to 3’

Question 11

Nascent RNA linked to DNA template

Answer 11

DNA-RNA hybrid

Question 12

Single stranded DNA

Answer 12

Transcription buble

Question 13

Open complex

Answer 13

RNA polymerase, sigma factor and DNA with strands separated

Question 14

Holoenzyme

Answer 14

Core enzyme is associated with the sigma factor

Question 15

Dissociation of sigma factor leads to?

Answer 15

Transcription elongation

Question 16

Enzyme that participates in the initiation of transcription in bacteria

Answer 16

Holoenzyme

Question 17

Location of bacterial promoters

Answer 17

Region of DNA strand just preceding the initiation site of RNA synthesis

Question 18

Upstream

Answer 18

Portions of the DNA preceding the initiation site towards the 3’

Question 19

Downstream

Answer 19

Portion of the DNA from start site towards 5’

Question 20

First consensus sequence

Answer 20

-35 bases upstream
-sequence TTGACA
–35 Element

Question 21

Second conserved sequence

Answer 21

-10 bases upstream
-sequence TATAAT
- - 10 elemnt/ pribnow box

Question 22

Pribnow box

Answer 22

-Binding RNA polymerases and identifying the precise nucleotides at which transcription begins
- recognized by sigma factor

Question 23

Termination of bacterial transcription

Answer 23

Rho dependent/independent termination

Question 24

Rho dependent termination in prokaryotes

Answer 24

-RNA stops when it reaches the stop sequence
- rho factor encircles the newly synthesized RNA and moves in the 5’ to 3’ direction to the polymerase where it separates the RNA transcript from the DNA to which it is bound

Question 25

Rho independent termination

Answer 25

The polymerase stops transcription when it reaches termination sequence - terminator sequence typically fold into hairoin loop that cause the RNA polymerases to release the completed RNA chain without requiring additional factors

Question 26

Rho independent termination in prokaryotes

Answer 26

Transcription stops when the newly synthesized RNA forms a G-C rich hairpin followed by a large sequence of Us

Question 27

RNA polymerase 1

Answer 27

Larger rRNAs 28s, 18s 5.8s

Question 28

RNA polymerase 2

Answer 28

mRNAs

Question 29

RNA polymerase 3

Answer 29

tRNAs 5s rRNA

Question 30

Transcription factors in eukaryotic

Answer 30

Initiation of transcription, elongation and termination