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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY > Role of RNA in Gene expression > Flashcards

Role of RNA in Gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotic mRNAs are?

A

Monocistronic(copy of a single gene)

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2
Q

Prokaryotic mRNAs are?

A

Polycistronic(contain information about several proteins)

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3
Q

3’ end

A

Poly A tail

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4
Q

5’ end

A

Methylated guanosine cap

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5
Q

5’ cap functions

A

-protects from enzymatic degradation
-transportation to cytoplasm
-recognized by protein factor for initiation of mRNA translation

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6
Q

tRNAs

A

-decodes information from mRNA
-acts as a adaptor

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7
Q

Cloverleaf

A

Secondary structure of tRNA

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8
Q

5 parts from Cloverleaf structure

A

-D loop
-T loop
-Anticodon loop
-variable loop
-acceptor stem

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9
Q

Sequence in acceptor stem

A

CCA

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10
Q

When is the CCA added?

A

After transcription processes. During modification / processing

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11
Q

tRNA charging

A

Making sure that tRNA molecule be attached to correct AA

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12
Q

AA are linked to 3’ ends of correct tRNA by which enzyme?

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

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13
Q

Amino acid activation

A

Attachment of appropriate AA and ATP to a specific enzyme Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase

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14
Q

tRNA charging

A

-Enzyme transfers it’s bound AA to 3’ of correct tRNA forming high energy Ester bond
-AMP is replaced by tRNA in this step resulting in AAtRNA

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15
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA

A

Charged tRNA

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16
Q

Catalase activity

A

Removal of wrong AA from tRNA itself by AAtRNA synthase

17
Q

Function of rRNA of large subunit

A

Formation of peptide bonds

18
Q

How many different rRNA molecules in bacteria?

A

3

19
Q

How many different rRNA molecules in Eukaryotes?

A

4

20
Q

Prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit

A

16s

21
Q

Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit

A

-23s
-5s

22
Q

Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit

A

18s

23
Q

Eukaryotic large ribosomal subunit

A

-28s
-5s
-5.8s

24
Q

In prokaryotes, the entire assembled ribosome

A

70s

25
Q

In Eukaryotes, the entire assembled ribosome

A

80s

26
Q

Ribozymes

A

RNAs having catalytic role

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (5 decks)

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