Transitivity II

Question 1

what does a prototypical transitive verb have?

Answer 1

1)an agentive subject
2)a theme direct object
whoose referent is visibly affected by the action denoted by the verb

Question 2

low transitivity

Answer 2

the appearence of a direct object that lacks the marking usaully associated with that grammatical relation

Question 3

what are the degrees of transitivity?

Answer 3

transitivity> low transitivity> intransitivity

Question 4

what are the semantic factors affecting transitivity?

Answer 4

1. Degree of volitional agency
2. Degree of affectedness
3. Individuation of theme
4. Aspect
5. Negation

Question 5

What is the degree of volitional agency?

Answer 5

the verb whose subject is a volitional agent is transitive while verb with the experiencer subject is not

Question 6

What is Degree of affectedness?

Answer 6

a verb is transitive when its theme is completely and directly affected by the action, but intransitive otherwise

Question 7

What is individuation of theme

Answer 7

Some languages use special markers to distinguish definite and indefinite direct objects, with the former being associated with a higher degree of transitivity

Question 8

What is Aspect

Answer 8

a grammatical category that expresses how an action, event or state denoted by a verb, extends over time

Question 9

What does Aspect include

Answer 9

• Perfective
• Imperfective

Question 10

Perfective aspect

Answer 10

favours high transitivity

Question 11

Imperfective aspect

Answer 11

morelikely to be associated with intransitivity or with low transitivity

Question 12

how does negation affect a verb’s transitivity

Answer 12

it decreses its transitivity

Question 13

make this better for flashcards!!!

What can we summarize from the info above?

Answer 13

• Certain types of meaning favour transitive structures while other types of meaning favour intransitive structures
• transitive structures are most likely to be associated with completed events in which an agent acts volitionally on a specific entity, affecting it in some tngible way

Question 14

What is ditransitive?

Answer 14

A verb that permits teo objects

Question 15

What are the two different types of distransitives?

Answer 15

1. Dative Pattern:one direcft onject and one indirect object
2. Double(direct) Object Pattern: Two Direct Obejct

Question 16

what would show up on the verb to indicate it is a part of a double object pattern in some language

Answer 16

Special marker shows up on the verb

Question 17

true or false:
Many languages permit both dative ditransitive and double object ditransitive as thematic paraphrases

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Valency

Answer 18

has to do with the nmber of argument that a verb has

remember to also explain what is an argument!

Question 19

the choice of grammatical relations has to do with

Answer 19

how those arguments are expressed structurally

Question 21

what are the verbs that could help you decided whether the language permits double direct object construction?

Answer 21

Give
Teach

Question 22

What can we assume if give and tech cannot co-occur in th double object pattern in a particular language?

Answer 22

Double object pattern does not exist in that language

Question 23

impt!!!

in double object patterns, onw of the objects generally corresponds to the …….

Answer 23

Theme

however languages differ in terms of the type of rile that is associated with the other object

Question 24

What are the diret objects allow in Double Object Patterns?

in some languages

Answer 24

• Instrumental Direct Object
• Locative Direct Object

Question 25

What is the most common pattern accross languages involves a __

Answer 25

Goal NP

almost as comon are patterns with an NP beraring a benefactive role

Question 26

What is the traditional name for the type of double object ditransitive attern found in Bautu langauges is the ……

Answer 26

Applicative construction

Question 27

What is Applicative construction used for

Answer 27

• originally only for double object patterns in which the verb includeds an affix indicating the thematic role of the primary object
• but became more widely used in the recent years

Question 28

make this more simple

How do we know there is no secondary direct object in given sentences?

Answer 28

• rememebr that double object patterns have two NPs with the characteristic position and/or mareking of direct objects(i/.e. grammatical linking)
• impt to distinguish between the number of arguments that a verb has (valency) and the way in which those arguments are expressed structurally