Transition metals - 5 Flashcards
Define a transition element
A D-block element that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete d sub-shell
which metals in the d-block aren’t transitions metals
Scandium and zinc
Why is zinc not a transition metal
Zinc only forms 2+ ions, losing electrons from the 4s2
So it keeps a full 3d sub-shell
Why is scandium not a transition metal
Scandium only forms 3+ ions
Causing it to have an empty 3d sub-shell
Define a complex ion
A metal ion surrounded by co-ordinately bonded ligands
What is a ligand
An atom, ion or molecule that donates a pair of electrons
What is the coordination number
The number of coordinate bonds that are formed to a central metal atom/ion
What do 6 coordinate bonds mean
An octahedral shape
90 degree bond angle
what do 4 coordinate bonds mean
Tetrahedral - 109.5
OR
Square Planar - 90
How are ligands named
Based off the number of lone pairs
1- monodentate
2 - Bidentate
2 + - multidentate
What isomerism can complex ions show
Optical isomerism
Cis-Trans isomerism
what is cis-platin
A complex of platinum with two chlorides and two ammonia molecules
Square planar shape
How can cis-platin be used as an anti-cancer drug
The chloride ligands are easily displaced
And bond to two nitrogen atoms on the DNA molecule of the cancer cell
This prevents DNA from reproducing
What is the disadvantages of cis-platin
Can prevent normal cells from reproducing
Can cause kidney damage
