Amines - 6 Flashcards
How do you name amines
-amine
amino-
Why are amines so reactive
The lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen - due to polar N-H bond
What is the shape/bond angle are amines around the N
Trigonal pyramidal
107 degrees
What type of intermolecular forces do amines have
Hydrogen bonding due to polar N-H bond and lone pair of electrons on N atom
Do amines have stronger or weaker intermolecular forces than alcohols
Weaker, as the N has a lower electronegativity than O
So, weaker hydrogen bonding
How can amines act as bases
The lone pair on the nitrogen atom accepts a proton
How can amines act as nucleophiles
When they bond with an electron-deficient C atom
What is the product from the basic action of an amine with water
RNH3+ ammonium ion, which forms a salt with an anion
Write and equation for methylamine reacting with HCl
H2C-NH2 + HCL ——> H3C-NH3+ Cl-
In order to be the strongest base, what must a particular amine have
Greatest electron density around the N atom, making it a better electron pair donor
What effect do alkyl groups have on electron density and base strength
Increases electron density around N
Making it a stronger base
How would you maximise the yield of the primary amine
Use excess ammonia
What type of mechanism is the reaction of a haloalkane with a cyanide ion
Nucleophilic substitution
How do you get from a nitrile to a primary amine
Reduction
Nickel catalyst
What conditions are needed to form nitrobenzene from benzene
[H2SO4], [HNO3]
To form NO2+ ion
