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Chemistry > Carboxylic acids & Esters - 6 > Flashcards

Carboxylic acids & Esters - 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What functional group characterizes carboxylic acids?

A

–COOH

Carboxylic acids are weak acids.

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2
Q

How are carboxylic acids named?

A

By adding the suffix ‘oic acid’

The functional group is always found at the end of the molecule.

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3
Q

What do carboxylic acids partially dissociate into?

A

Hydrogen ions and carboxylate ions

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4
Q

What makes the –COOH group polar?

A

Electronegative oxygen atoms

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5
Q

What type of bonding can carboxylic acids form with water?

A

Hydrogen bonds

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6
Q

How does solubility of carboxylic acids change with chain length?

A

Solubility decreases as chain length increases

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7
Q

What do carboxylic acids react with to form a salt and water?

A

Metal hydroxides (alkalis) and metal oxides

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8
Q

What products do carboxylic acids form when reacting with metal carbonates?

A

Salt, water, and carbon dioxide

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9
Q

What type of reaction occurs when carboxylic acids react with reactive metals?

A

Redox reaction

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10
Q

What functional group do acyl chlorides contain?

A

–COCl

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11
Q

How are acyl chlorides named?

A

Using the suffix –oyl chloride

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12
Q

What is formed when carboxylic acids react with thionyl chloride?

A

Acyl chlorides

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13
Q

What type of reactions do acyl chlorides undergo?

A

Nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions

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14
Q

What is produced when acyl chlorides react with water?

A

Carboxylic acid and hydrogen chloride

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15
Q

What do acyl chlorides form when they react with alcohols?

A

Ester and hydrogen chloride

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16
Q

What is the primary product when acyl chlorides react with ammonia?

A

Primary amide and hydrogen chloride

17
Q

What are esters characterized by?

A

The functional group ‘-COO’

18
Q

What distinctive smell do esters have?

A

Fruity smell

19
Q

What is required to form an ester from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

A

An acid catalyst, usually concentrated sulfuric acid

20
Q

What happens during esterification?

A

Water is removed, creating the -COO ester bond

21
Q

How can smaller esters be separated from the reaction mixture?

A

By warming the mixture and distilling off the ester

22
Q

How are esters named?

A

Using the alcohol as the first part and the carboxylic acid as the second part

23
Q

What is an acid anhydride made from?

A

Two carboxylic acids

24
Q

What does the hydrolysis of esters produce?

A

Carboxylic acid and alcohol

25
Q

What type of hydrolysis involves using dilute acid?

A

Acid hydrolysis

26
Q

What is produced during alkali hydrolysis of esters?

A

Carboxylate salt and alcohol

Chemistry (26 decks)

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