Transition Metals

Question 1

five properties of transition metals:

Answer 1

*have atoms/ions with an incomplete d-subshell
*can form complexes
*have variable oxidation states
*show catalytic ability
*form coloured ions

Question 2

what is the definition of a transition metal?

Answer 2

a metal that, in at least one of its stable ions, has a partially filled d-subshell

Question 3

what is the oxidation number of a free, uncombined atom?

Answer 3

0

Question 4

what is the oxidation number of an ion of a single atom?

Answer 4

the same as its charge

Question 5

in it’s compounds, Fluorine always has the same oxidation number. What is it?

Answer 5

-1

Question 6

what must the algebraic sum of the oxidation number always be equal to?

Answer 6

0 or the charge of the ion

Question 7

what is happening when there is an increase in the oxidation number?

Answer 7

oxidation

Question 8

what is happening when there is a decrease in the oxidation number?

Answer 8

reduction

Question 9

what do compounds containing metals in high oxidation states tend to be?

Answer 9

oxidising agents

Question 10

what do compounds containing metals in low oxidation states tend to be?

Answer 10

reducing agents

Question 11

what are two examples of oxidising agents?

Answer 11

acidified permanganate and acidified dichromate

Question 12

what can be observed as oxidation state changes?

Answer 12

colour change

Question 13

what other term can be used to refer to metal complexes?

Answer 13

co-ordination compounds

Question 14

what are the molecules or ions which surround central metal atom/ion called?

Answer 14

ligands

Question 15

what do ligands contain in order to form a co-ordinate bond?

Answer 15

(at least one) lone pair of electrons

Question 16

what type of bond is a co-ordinate bond?

Answer 16

a dative covalent bond

Question 17

how is the dative covalent bond formed?

Answer 17

the ligand donates the lone pair of electrons into an empty orbital in the transition metal atom/ion.

Question 18

what is meant by a monodentate ligand?

Answer 18

ligands that form one co-ordinate bond to the metal atom/ion.

Question 19

what is meant by a bidentate ligand?

Answer 19

ligands that form two co-ordinate bonds to the metal atom/ion.

Question 20

what type of ligands bind in haemoglobin?

Answer 20

quadridentate ligands

Question 21

what is an example of a hexadentate ligand?

Answer 21

EDTA

Question 22

what is meant by the co-ordination number?

Answer 22

the total number of co-ordinate bonds from the ligand to the central metal atom/ion.

Question 23

why are ligands referred to as Lewis bases?

Answer 23

they donate electrons

Question 24

why are the metals, in turn, referred as Lewis acids?

Answer 24

they accept the electrons

Question 25

what is a homogenous catalyst?

Answer 25

a catalyst that is in the same state as the reactants

Question 26

what is a heterogenous catalyst?

Answer 26

a catalyst that is in a different state to the reactants

Question 27

how does the size of the energy gap between the two sets of d orbitals vary?

Answer 27

*the transition metal ion *the oxidation state of the transition metal *the type of ligand

Question 28

what determines the colour of the metal complex?

Answer 28

the size of the split

Question 29

what shows the ability of ligands to cause splitting?

Answer 29

the spectrochemical series

Question 30

what can be determined based on absorbance of visible light?

Answer 30

The concentration of transition metals in solution (the higher the concentration of ions, the greater the absorbance)

Question 31

what is the process which heterogenous catalysts work trough called?

Answer 31

chemisorption

Question 32

how can transition metals act as catalysts?

Answer 32

they have unfilled d-orbitals