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Chemistry A level Edexcel > Transition Metals > Flashcards

Transition Metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Define transition metal

A

D-block element that forms 1+ stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals

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2
Q

Why is scandium not a transition metal?

A

Scandium’s only stable ion is Sc3+ which has a completely empty d-orbital (not incomplete)

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3
Q

Why is zinc not a transition metal

A

Zinc’s only stable ion is Zn2+ which has completely full d-orbitals (not incomplete)

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4
Q

What is a ligand?

A

An electron pair donor that forms dative covalent bonds to metal ions

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5
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

An ion surrounded by ligands

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6
Q

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Purple

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7
Q

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

A

Green

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8
Q

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 4+?

A

Blue

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9
Q

What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 5+?

A

Yellow

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10
Q

What colour is titanium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

A

Purple

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11
Q

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Blue

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12
Q

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

A

Green

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13
Q

What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 6+?

A

Orange

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14
Q

What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Pale pink

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15
Q

What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 7+?

A

(Brighter) pink

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16
Q

What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Pale green

17
Q

What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 3+?

A

Yellow

18
Q

What colour is cobalt when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Pink

19
Q

What colour is nickel when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Pale blue/green

20
Q

What colour is copper when it’s oxidation state is 2+?

A

Blue

21
Q

Define coordination number

A

How many dative covalent bonds are present

22
Q

Define stereoisomers

A

Same structural formula, different spatial arrangement

23
Q

What is cisplatin commonly used for?

A

Cancer treatment

24
Q

What shape is cisplatin?

A

Square planar (4 dative covalent bonds)

25
Q

What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 6?

A

Octahedral, bond angle 90 degrees

26
Q

What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 2?

A

Linear, bond angle 180 degrees

27
Q

What shapes could a complex ion be with a coordination number of 4?

A

Tetrahedral, bond angle 109.5 degrees, or square planar, bond angle 90 degrees.

28
Q

How many dative covalent bonds can edta4- form?

A

6 (hexadentate ligand)

29
Q

How many dative covalent bonds can en form?

A

2 (bidentate ligand)

30
Q

What are the properties of transition metals?

A

Excellent catalysts, variable oxidation states, form coloured compounds and can form complexes.

31
Q

Define a catalyst

A

Substance which uses an alternate reaction pathway with a lower Ea and is not used up in a reaction.

32
Q

Define heterogeneous catalyst

A

Reactants are in a different physical state to products

33
Q

Define homogeneous catalyst

A

Reactants and products are in the same physical state

34
Q

Describe the steps of heterogeneous catalysis

A
  1. Adsorption of reactants onto surface of catalyst
  2. Bonds in reactants are weakened, lowering the Ea
  3. Reaction occurs and bonds are formed
  4. Products desorb form catalyst’s surface

Chemistry A level Edexcel (11 decks)

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