Transition Metals Flashcards
Define transition metal
D-block element that forms 1+ stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals
Why is scandium not a transition metal?
Scandium’s only stable ion is Sc3+ which has a completely empty d-orbital (not incomplete)
Why is zinc not a transition metal
Zinc’s only stable ion is Zn2+ which has completely full d-orbitals (not incomplete)
What is a ligand?
An electron pair donor that forms dative covalent bonds to metal ions
What is a complex ion?
An ion surrounded by ligands
What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Purple
What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?
Green
What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 4+?
Blue
What colour is vanadium when it’s oxidation state is 5+?
Yellow
What colour is titanium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?
Purple
What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Blue
What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 3+?
Green
What colour is chromium when it’s oxidation state is 6+?
Orange
What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Pale pink
What colour is manganese when it’s oxidation state is 7+?
(Brighter) pink
What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Pale green
What colour is iron when it’s oxidation state is 3+?
Yellow
What colour is cobalt when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Pink
What colour is nickel when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Pale blue/green
What colour is copper when it’s oxidation state is 2+?
Blue
Define coordination number
How many dative covalent bonds are present
Define stereoisomers
Same structural formula, different spatial arrangement
What is cisplatin commonly used for?
Cancer treatment
What shape is cisplatin?
Square planar (4 dative covalent bonds)
What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 6?
Octahedral, bond angle 90 degrees
What shape would a complex ion be with a coordination number of 2?
Linear, bond angle 180 degrees
What shapes could a complex ion be with a coordination number of 4?
Tetrahedral, bond angle 109.5 degrees, or square planar, bond angle 90 degrees.
How many dative covalent bonds can edta4- form?
6 (hexadentate ligand)
How many dative covalent bonds can en form?
2 (bidentate ligand)
What are the properties of transition metals?
Excellent catalysts, variable oxidation states, form coloured compounds and can form complexes.
Define a catalyst
Substance which uses an alternate reaction pathway with a lower Ea and is not used up in a reaction.
Define heterogeneous catalyst
Reactants are in a different physical state to products
Define homogeneous catalyst
Reactants and products are in the same physical state
Describe the steps of heterogeneous catalysis
- Adsorption of reactants onto surface of catalyst
- Bonds in reactants are weakened, lowering the Ea
- Reaction occurs and bonds are formed
- Products desorb form catalyst’s surface
