Bonding And Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Which shape has 4 bonding pairs?

A

Tetrahedral

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2
Q

Which shape has 3 bonding pairs?

A

Trigonal planar

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3
Q

Which shape has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal

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4
Q

Which shape has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

Bent/non-linear

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5
Q

Which shape has 2 bonding pairs?

A

Linear

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6
Q

Which shape has 6 bonding pairs?

A

Octahedral

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7
Q

Which shape has 5 bonding pairs?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

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8
Q

Which shape has 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Square pyramidal

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9
Q

What is the bond angle for tetrahedral?

A

109.5 degrees

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10
Q

What is the bond angle for trigonal planar?

A

120 degrees

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11
Q

What is the bond angle for trigonal pyramidal?

A

107 degrees

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12
Q

What is the bond angle for bent (water)?

A

104.5 degrees

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13
Q

What is the bond angle for linear?

A

180 degrees

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14
Q

What is the bond angle for octahedral?

A

90 degrees

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15
Q

What are the bond angles for trigonal bipyramidal?

A

120 degrees and 90 degrees

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16
Q

What is the bond angle for square pyramidal?

A

89 degrees

17
Q

Define electronegativity

A

Tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

18
Q

What are London (dispersion) forces?

A

Intermolecular bonds found between all simple covalent molecules, causing temporary (instantaneous) dipoles

19
Q

Where do you find permanent dipoles?

A

In polar molecules

20
Q

Which elements can form hydrogen bonds?

A

Hydrogen and nitrogen/oxygen/fluorine - as very electronegative

21
Q

What is the bond angle for a hydrogen bond?

A

180 degrees (linear)

22
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms tend to form compounds in ways which give them 8 valence electrons (like a noble gas)

23
Q

What are the exceptions to the octet rule?

A

He - has 2 valence electrons

NO - odd number of electrons

SF6 - 1+ atoms posses more than 8 electrons

BCl3 - 1+ atoms posses less than 8 electrons

24
Q

What is the expanded octet rule?

A

Hypervalent compounds (HCs) have more than the predicted number of bonds

They also have an expanded octet: more than 1 electron around 1 atom

25
What is the most electronegative element?
Fluorine
26
What factors effect strength and number of London forces?
More electrons in molecule = more and stronger London forces
27
What does having more and stronger London forces mean?
More energy is required to break the forces, so more energy is required to change physical state (eg. Melting and boiling points are higher)