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Chemistry A level Edexcel > Bonding And Structure > Flashcards

Bonding And Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

Which shape has 4 bonding pairs?

A

Tetrahedral

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2
Q

Which shape has 3 bonding pairs?

A

Trigonal planar

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3
Q

Which shape has 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Trigonal pyramidal

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4
Q

Which shape has 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

Bent/non-linear

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5
Q

Which shape has 2 bonding pairs?

A

Linear

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6
Q

Which shape has 6 bonding pairs?

A

Octahedral

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7
Q

Which shape has 5 bonding pairs?

A

Trigonal bipyramidal

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8
Q

Which shape has 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

Square pyramidal

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9
Q

What is the bond angle for tetrahedral?

A

109.5 degrees

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10
Q

What is the bond angle for trigonal planar?

A

120 degrees

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11
Q

What is the bond angle for trigonal pyramidal?

A

107 degrees

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12
Q

What is the bond angle for bent (water)?

A

104.5 degrees

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13
Q

What is the bond angle for linear?

A

180 degrees

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14
Q

What is the bond angle for octahedral?

A

90 degrees

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15
Q

What are the bond angles for trigonal bipyramidal?

A

120 degrees and 90 degrees

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16
Q

What is the bond angle for square pyramidal?

A

89 degrees

17
Q

Define electronegativity

A

Tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

18
Q

What are London (dispersion) forces?

A

Intermolecular bonds found between all simple covalent molecules, causing temporary (instantaneous) dipoles

19
Q

Where do you find permanent dipoles?

A

In polar molecules

20
Q

Which elements can form hydrogen bonds?

A

Hydrogen and nitrogen/oxygen/fluorine - as very electronegative

21
Q

What is the bond angle for a hydrogen bond?

A

180 degrees (linear)

22
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

Atoms tend to form compounds in ways which give them 8 valence electrons (like a noble gas)

23
Q

What are the exceptions to the octet rule?

A

He - has 2 valence electrons

NO - odd number of electrons

SF6 - 1+ atoms posses more than 8 electrons

BCl3 - 1+ atoms posses less than 8 electrons

24
Q

What is the expanded octet rule?

A

Hypervalent compounds (HCs) have more than the predicted number of bonds

They also have an expanded octet: more than 1 electron around 1 atom

25
Q

What is the most electronegative element?

A

Fluorine

26
Q

What factors effect strength and number of London forces?

A

More electrons in molecule = more and stronger London forces

27
Q

What does having more and stronger London forces mean?

A

More energy is required to break the forces, so more energy is required to change physical state (eg. Melting and boiling points are higher)

Chemistry A level Edexcel (11 decks)

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