transition metal

Question 1

What are transition metals

Answer 1

elements in the d-block of the periodic table with a partially filled d-orbital. they lose electrons to form positive ions with the s-orbital electrons being removed first

Question 2

physical properties of transition metals

Answer 2

• atomic radius
• high densities
• high melting and boiling point

Question 3

chemical properties of transition metals

Answer 3

• can form different ions/complexes
• form coloured compounds and solutions
• used as catalysts in industrial processes
• typically harder/ more dense than other metals

Question 4

what are complexes

Answer 4

These form from transition metals, consisting of a central metal ion or atom surrounded by ligands
they are represented in formulas using []

Question 5

what are ligands

Answer 5

molecules or inos with a lone electron pair that can form a cooridante bond to the central metal ions by donating this electron pair

Question 6

common ligands include

Answer 6

• Cl-
• H2O
• NH3

Question 7

What is the coordination number equal to

Answer 7

equal to the number of coordinate bonds formed around the central metal ino

Question 8

how are colours produced in complexes

Answer 8

• when a transition metal ion forms a “complex” (e.g. in water) the d orbitals split in energy.
• particular wavelengths of visible light are absorbed to “excite” to the higher energy level.
• light that is not absorbed determines the colour we observe

Question 9

energy equation

Answer 9

E = h f

E = energy (J)
f = frequency (Hz)
h = planck’s constant - 6.63 x 10-34 Js

Question 10

frequency equation

Answer 10

f = c / w

f = frequecny (Hz)
c = speed of light - 3 x108 ms-1
w = wavlength (m)

Question 11

energy and frequency equatio n mixed

Answer 11

E = h c / w