Transition Elements Flashcards
Define transition element.
D-block elements forming ions with partly filled d-orbital.
Define d-block element.
The most outer electrons ar3 in a d -orbital.
What is a transition catalyst?
It lowers activation enthalpy and has the ability to change oxidation states.
What colour is Fe2+?
Green
What colour is Fe3+?
Orange
What are the two common iron oxidation states and their colours?
Fe 2+ - Green
Fe 3+ - Orange
What are the two common oxidation states for chromium and their colours?
Cr 3+ - Green
Cr 6+ - Orange
What colour is Cu2+?
Blue
What are the common manganese oxidation states and their colours?
Mn2+ - Colourless
Mn7+ - Purple
Why do transition elements have metallic properties?
All transition metals are metals and have strong metallic bonds. This is due to small ioniv size and close packing higher melting/boiling points and density than s-block metals.
Which elements are in the d-block but aren’t transition metals?
Scandiam as it only forms Sc3+ so has an empty d sub-shell.
Zinc as it only forms Zn2+ so has a filled d sub-shell.
Therefore they are both colourless/white.
Which two transition elements have different electronic configurations?
Chromium (Cr)
Copper (Cu)
They are different because their sub-shells are very close together.
Each has only one electron on ‘4s’
Give an example of a transition metal being a catalyst.
Iron in the habor process.
What is the contact process?
The formation of SO3
2SO2 + O2 —> 2SO3
Catalyst - V2O5
Temperature - 450C
Pressure - 1-2 atmospheres
What is a complex ion?
A complex ion consists of a central metal ion surrounded by ligands.
What is a ligand?
Ligands are species that can donate one or more lone pairs of electrons to form dative bonds/co-ordinate bonds.
What is the co-ordination number of a complex?
The co-ordination number of a complex is defined as the number of dative bonds formed.
If a complex has a co-ordination number of 4 or 6, what is its shape and bond angle?
If 4 it’s either tetrahedral (109.5) or square planner (90).
If 6 it’s octahedral (90).
What is the catalyst used for the hydrogenation of margarine?
Nickel
