Organic Chemistry - (Amines, Amino Acids so far) Flashcards
Are amines soluble in water? If so why?
Amines are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.
How can amines behave as bases?
The nitrogen has a lone pair which can act as a proton acceptor.
What happens when amines react with acids?
A salt is produced. It also removes the smell of the amine.
How would you identify the type of amine or amide?
If there are 2 Hydrogens attached to the Nitrogen, it is PRIMARY.
If there is 1 Hydrogen attached to the Nitrogen, it is SECONDARY.
If there are NO Hydrogens attached to the Nitrogen, it is TERTIARY.
How can amines be prepared from haloalkanes?
Haloalkanes react with alcoholic ammonia under pressure and reflux.
Ammonia is the nucleophile and an amine (or its salt) is produced.
When producing a amine from a haloalkane, why is the amine produced also a nucleophile?
The amine produced is also a nucleophile because the nitrogen has a lone pair. It can attack another molecule of halogenoalkane to produce a secondary amine. This can repeat to produce tertiary and quarternary amines.
Give an example of a haloalkane.
C2H5Br
What conditions are needed when reducing aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines?
Concentrated HCl
Sn
Reflux
How would you turn Nitrobenzene to Phenylamine?
Nitrobenzene with conc HCl and Sn. Then NaOH(aq) to get Phenylamine.
How do you get Nitrobenzene to eventually reduce to phenylamine?
Benzene with concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4
What is the difference between an aromatic amine and an aliphatic amine?
Aromatic has a benzene ring, aliphatic doesn’t.
Define (alpha) amino acids.
They have a carboxylic acid and an amine attached to the same carbon.
They are all on carbon 2.
Define zwitterions.
Amino acids have an acidic and basic group therefore the acidic group (COOH) readily donates a proton to the basic group (NH2). This forms an internal salt which is a zwitterion.
Why are amino acids amphoteric?
They can behave as both bases
What is a isolectric point?
The pH at which an amino acid is in neutral overall. This is not necessarily pH 7.
