Reaction Pathways Flashcards by Emma Plowman

Q

How would you get a haloalkane from an alkane?

A

(Free radical reaction)
Br2 or Cl2
UV light

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Q

Haloalkane ——–> Alcohol?

A

NaOH(aq)

Reflux

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Q

Alcohol ——–> Haloalkane?

A

H2SO4/Na Hal

OR

Conc Hydrogen halide

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Q

Alkene ——-> Alkane?

A

Ni/H2
150C
1000kPa

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Q

Alkene ——–> Haloalkane?

A

H Hal

Spontaneous at room temp

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Q

Alkene ——–> Alcohol?

A

H3PO4

H2O

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Q

Haloalkane ——–> Nitrile?

A

KCN(al) (Dissolved in ethanol)

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Q

Nitrile ——–> Amine?

A

H2

Ni Catalyst

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Q

Haloalkane ——–> Amine?

A

NH3 (Heated and sealed)

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Q

Alcohol ——–> Ketone?

A

Cr2O7 2-

Reflux

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Q

Alcohol ——–> Ester?

A

COOH
Conc H2SO4

OR

Acid anhydride

OR

Acyl Chloride

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Q

Ketone ——–> (Secondary) Alcohol?

A

NaBH4

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Q

Ketone ——–> Hydroxnitrile?

A

NaCN(aq) / H+(aq)

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Q

Hydroxnitrile ——–> Amine?

A

H2/Ni

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Q

Hydroxnitrile ——-> Carboxylic Acid?

A

H+(aq)

Reflux

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Q

Aldehyde ——–> Hydroxnitrile?

A

NaCN(aq) / H+(aq)

Q

Nitrile ——–> Carboxylic Acid?

A

H+(aq)
Reflux
Heat

eg. HCl(aq)

Q

Alcohol ——–> Alkene?

A

Conc H2SO4

Dehydration

Q

Primary Alcohol ——–> Aldehyde?

A

Distill

Q

Aldehyde ——–> Primary Alcohol?

A

NaBH4

Q

Aldehyde ——–> Carboxylic Acid?

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

Reflux

Q

Primary Alcohol ——–> Carboxylic Acid?

A

K2Cr2O7/H2SO4

Reflux

Q

Carboxylic Acid ———> Ester?

A

Alcohol (+ H+(aq) Catalyst)

Q

Ester ——–> Carboxylic acid?

A

H+(aq)

Reflux

Ester --------> Carboxylate?

Hydrolisis OH-(aq) Reflux

Carboxylic Acid --------> Acyl Chloride?

SOCl2

Acyl Chloride --------> Carboxylic Acid?

H2O

Acyl Chloride --------> Ester?

Alcohol | Spontaneous at room temp

Acyl Chloride --------> Primary Amide?

NH3

Acyl Chloride ---------> Secondary Amide?

Primary Amine

Benzene --------> Methylbenzene?

CH3Cl | AlCl3

Benzene ---------> Chlorobenzene?

Cl2 | AlCl3

Benzene --------> Bromobenzene?

Br2 | AlCl3