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A. MLA Map Others > Transgender Healthcare and Hormone Therapy > Flashcards

Transgender Healthcare and Hormone Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What does transgender mean?

A
  • individuals gender they were born with differ from gender they associate with
  • e.g. born a boy but associate as a girl
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2
Q

What is Cisgender?

A
  • an individual whose gender identity and gender expression align with the sex assigned at birth
  • born female and associate with female
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3
Q

What is meant by gender binary?

A
  • classification of genders into two discrete categories of male and female
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4
Q

What is transgender congruence?

A
  • feeling of harmony in our bodies
  • degree to which individuals feel genuine, authentic, and comfortable within their external appearance and accept their genuine identity has been calledtransgender congruence
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5
Q

What is gender identity?

A
  • internal sense of being male, female or something else

- may or may not correspond to an individual’s sex assigned at birth or sex characteristics

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6
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A
  • discomfort or distress related to an incongruence (mis-alignment) between an individual’s gender identity and the gender assigned at birth
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7
Q

What does transition relate to in terms of sexual orientation?

A
  • process of shifting towards a different gender role from one assigned at birth
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8
Q

Transition in relation to sexual orientation relates to the process of shifting towards a different gender role from one assigned at birth. What are 5 of the most common things that can included in transition?

A
  • social transition
  • new name and identity
  • new pronouns
  • new clothing
  • medical alterations (surgery and hormone treatment)
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9
Q

What 2 things can be included in social transition?

A
  • new names and pronouns

- new clothes

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10
Q

What 2 things can be included in hormone transition?

A

1 - suppression of biological sex hormones

2 - transgender hormone therapy

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11
Q

When providing suppression of biological sex hormones and transgender hormone therapy, is this 100% changeable?

A
  • no

- 90% changeable

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12
Q

Surgery is often an option for transition. Is surgery available to everyone?

A
  • no
  • may not want surgery
  • may not be able to have surgery
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13
Q

Transgender care is very complex, why is this?

A
  • so many bodily systems and functions can be affected

- mental health, endocrinology, GP, surgeons are just some specialties

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14
Q

What is a transgender male and female?

A
  • transgender male = born a woman and transitioning into a man
  • transgender female = born a man and transitioning into a woman
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15
Q

A transgender female is someone who was born a man and transitioning into a woman. What 2 treatments are these patients given in the form of hormone therapy?

A

1 - exogenous estrogen to help feminise

2 - anti-androgens to suppress masculinity

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16
Q

A transgender female is someone who was born a man and transitioning into a woman. These patients given 2 forms of hormone therapy:

1 - exogenous estrogen to help feminise
2 - anti-androgens to suppress masculinity

What is the intention of this hormone therapy?

A
  • feminize = change fat distribution and inducing breast formation
  • de-masculinity = reducing male pattern hair growth
17
Q

A transgender male is someone who was born a female and transitioning into a man. What treatments are these patients given in the form of hormone therapy?

A

1 - exogenous testosterone is provided

18
Q

A transgender male is someone who was born a female and transitioning into a man. These patients are given exogenous testosterone as part of their hormonal therapy. What is the aim of this therapy?

A
  • induce virilization (females develops characteristics associated with male hormones)
  • decrease femininity and increase masculinity
19
Q

Patients who are on exogenous testosterone (transgender male) or estrogen (transgender female) will have a reduction in the synthesis of endogenous androgens. Why is this?

A
  • testosterone and estrogen provide negative feedback loop
  • reduce gonadotrophin release hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus
  • reduce leutenising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary gland
20
Q

What affects can estrogen have on hair in a transgender woman?

A
  • reduce some facial hair
  • reduce body hair
  • prevents further hair loss from scalp
21
Q

What affects can estrogen have on breasts in a transgender woman?

A
  • increase breast size by one cup

- requires estrogen treatment for optimal breast development

22
Q

Estrogen can affect body hair and breast development in transgender women. Is it more effective to give large doses of estrogen or slow lifelong treatment?

A
  • slow life long treatment
23
Q

Exogenous estrogen treatment is the main stay treatment for transgender women, but what are the 4 common side effects?

A

1 - vaginal bleeding
2 - bloating
3 - breast tenderness
4 - leg camps

24
Q

Exogenous estrogen treatment is the main stay treatment for transgender women, but there are 4 common side effects:

1 - vaginal bleeding
2 - bloating
3 -breast tenderness
4 - leg camps

What are 2 more serious risks associated with exogenous estrogen supplementation?

A
  • breast cancer

- venous thrombo-embolism

25
Q

What affects can testosterone have on hair in a transgender men?

A
  • increase body hair

- may cause hair scalp loss

26
Q

Testosterone is given to transgender men as hormonal therapy. What 2 methods are used to administered it?

A

1 - intramuscularly

2 - transdermal gel

27
Q

Testosterone is given to transgender men as hormonal therapy. How long can it take for a maximum effect to be achieved?

A
  • 5 years
28
Q

Exogenous testosterone treatment is the main stay treatment for transgender men, but what are the 3 common side effects?

A

1 - skin problems (acne, increased facial or body hair growth, male-pattern baldness
2 - increased interest in sex
3 - headache, anxiety, depressed mood

29
Q

Exogenous testosterone treatment is the main stay treatment for transgender men, but can lead to these 3 common side effects:

1 - skin problems (acne, increased facial or body hair growth, male-pattern baldness
2 - increased interest in sex
3 - headache, anxiety, depressed mood

What are these patients at increased risk of?

A
  • polycythemia = increase in the number of red blood cells in the body
30
Q

What are the 4 most common screenings required for transgender women (born male and transitioning into female)?

A

1 - breast screening (increased risk of breast cancer)
2- bowel cancer screening (men at increased risk)
3 - abdominal aortic aneurysm (more common in men)
4 - DEXA scan (women more susceptible)

31
Q

What are the 4 most common screenings required for transgender men (born female and transitioning into male)?

A

1 - breast screening
2 - bowel cancer screening
3 - cervical screening
4 - DEXA scan (women more susceptible)

32
Q

Patients who are undergoing transition are more at risk of what psychological problems?

A
  • depression
  • suicide
  • self-harm
  • substance abuse
33
Q

Patients who are undergoing transition are more at risk:

  • depression
  • suicide
  • self-harm
  • substance abuse

What else can this group of patients be, and what can be a useful treatment option for them?

A
  • loneliness

- self help groups can be useful

34
Q

What are the 3 major long term advantages that a patient undergoing transition may experience?

A

1 - reduced gender dysphoria
2 - reduced psychopathology (anxiety and depression)
3 - improved quality of life (sexual and social functioning)

35
Q

What are the major long term disadvantages for a patient undergoing transition?

A
  • increased levels of self harm and suicide
36
Q

The major long term disadvantages for a patient undergoing transition is the increased levels of self harm and suicide. in addition, transgender females (born male and transitioning to females) are more likely to die from 4 key causes which is made worse by smoking, what are they?

A

1 - cardiovascular disease & stroke
2 - venous thromboembolism
3 - lung cancer
4 - HIV-related deaths

A. MLA Map Others (21 decks)

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