transfusion related infections

Question 1

what is HIV

Answer 1

an RNA retrovirus that can be transmitted from blood to blood, sexually, and vertically

Question 2

what cells are affected in HIV

Answer 2

lymphocytes : T helper CD4+
other white blood cells

Question 3

decreased CD4+ results in…

Answer 3

severe immunodeficiency

Question 4

what is Hep B and Hep C

Answer 4

infect the liver and can range from fairly mild short-lived inflammation to chronic infection that results in cirrhosis or liver cancer.
- transmitted blood to blood
- Hep B can be transmitted sexually and vertically

Question 5

what is west nile virus

Answer 5

is usually transmitted between bird via mosquitos, humans are incidental hosts
- people infected with this disease show no symptoms (80%), fever with or without headaches (20%), or neurological symptoms (<1%)
- people with this disease are likely to have underlying conditions like chronic disease, immunosuppression

Question 6

what is human t cell lymphotrophic virus

Answer 6

RNA virus, is a retorvirus that infects primarily t lymps and can progress to a t cell lymphoma/leukemia and well as HTLV associates myelopathy and tropical spastic paraparesis

Question 7

what is cytomegalovirus

Answer 7

infects tissues and white blood cells
symptoms are similar to epstien barr virus with lymphadenopathy and fever

Question 8

other infectious agents

Answer 8

1. parasites
2. prions
3. syphilis

Question 9

basic virology

Answer 9

• viruses enters the host
• virus attaches to specific receptor on a particular cell
• virus inserts genetic material into host cell
• uses host machinery to produce viral components
• viral replication occurs within the cell
• may rest latent (avoid detection) and reactivate later
• viruses leave cell as intact particles and infect neighbouring cells
• carried by mode of transmission

Question 10

viral markers for detections

Answer 10

antigen and antibody testing done by immunoassay
nucleic acids via nucleic acid amplification done by PCR

Question 11

NAT

Answer 11

nucleic acid amplification testing

Question 12

How is a NAT done

Answer 12

uses PCR with a specific primer for the viral nucleic acid. this test is very sensitive and very specific, and a pos indicates a current infection

Question 13

what are some common bacteria found in donor units

Answer 13

e. coli
klebb pneumo
yersinia enetercolitica
serratia marcescens
pseudomonas sp.
staph aureus
staph epi
bacillus cereus