Transfusion Reactions Flashcards
what is the most common transfusion reaction
non-haemolytic febrile reaction
how does non-haemolytic febrile reaction present
fever
chills
treatment of non-haemolytic febrile reaction
slow or stop transfusion
paracetamol
monitor
how does a minor allergic transfusion reaction present
itch
urticaria
how do you treat a minor allergic transfusion reaction
temporarily stop transfusion
give antihistamine
monitor
presentation of an anaphylaxis transfusion reaction
hypotension
dyspnoea
wheezing
angioedema
anaphylaxis transfusion reaction treatment
stop transfusion
give 0.5mg IM adrenaline
ABCDE
What is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
ABO incompatible reaction - type II hypersensitivity reaction (IgM antibodies destroy the RBCs)
presentation of acute haemolytic reaction
starts minutes after transfusion is started presents with fever abdominal pain hypotension chest pain agitation
management of an acute haemolytic reaction
stop transfusion
check identity of patient/name on blood product
send blood results for
- direct Coombs test
- repeat typing and cross matching
supportive care
what is transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO)
fluid overload caused by excessive rate of transfusion and pre-existing heart failure
how does TACO present
pulmonary oedema
hypertension
treatment of TACO
IV loop diuretic
oxygen
What is transfusion related acute lung injury
non-cardio pulmonary oedema caused by increased vascular permeability and leakage into lungs
(rare)
how does transfusion related acute lung injury present
within 6 hours of transfusion
hypoxia
fever
hypotension
pulmonary infiltrates on CXR
