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Transfusion Science III > Transfusion Reaction - Non Haemolytic > Flashcards

Transfusion Reaction - Non Haemolytic Flashcards

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1
Q

Symptoms of Febrile Non haemolytic transfusion Reaction

A
  1. Headache
  2. Shaking
  3. Chills
  4. Flushing
  5. Hypotension
  6. Nausea
  7. Vomiting
  8. Anxiety
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2
Q

Treatment for Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction

A
  1. Stop transfusion
  2. Leucodepleted blood
  3. Panadol or aspirin
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3
Q

Pathogenesis of Febrile Non Haemolytic Transfuson Reaction

A
  1. Patient antibodies attack leucocytes present in blood unit
  2. Temperature increases by 1.5 celcius
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4
Q

Symptoms of transfusion Related allergic reaction

A
  1. Urticaria (rash)
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5
Q

Treatment for Transfusion Related allergic reaction

A

Discontinue transfusion Reaction if severe
OR
continue and treat with antihistamine and panadol for fever

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of transfusion Related allergic reaction

A
  1. Blood donor recently exposed to substance that patient is allergic to
  2. Develops urticaria
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7
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Mechanical Haemolysis

A
  1. Inappropriate handling of RBC components
  2. RBC unit rupture prior to transfusion
  3. Hemoglobin toxic to kidneys
  4. Renal failure
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8
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Air embolism

A
  1. Air enters vein during transfusion
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9
Q

What is the treatment of Graft versus Host disease

A

Irradiation to switch off leucocytes

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10
Q

What is the consequence of Graft versus Host disease

A

Immune competent lymphocytes engrafting in immunocompromised patients

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11
Q

List the symptoms of Irom toxicity

A
  1. Chronic fatigue
  2. Joint pain
  3. Abdominal pain
  4. Liver disease
  5. Diabetes mellitus
  6. Irregular heart rhythm
  7. Heart attack
  8. Heart failure
  9. Skin color changes
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12
Q

What is the treatment for iron toxicity

A
  1. Multi transfusion patients treated with iron chelation therapy
  2. Desferrioaxmine mesylate high selective affinity for Fe
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13
Q

How many milligrams of Fe is found in unit red cells

A
  1. 220 mg
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14
Q

Is potassium toxicity toxic to all people?

A

No. Stored red cells leach K+ but is not OK for children, neonates or heart patients

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15
Q

Symptoms of citrate toxicity

A
  1. Numbness
  2. Loss of motor control
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16
Q

What is the treatment of Citrate toxicity?

A
  1. Calcium chloride injection
17
Q

Symptoms of TRALI

A
  1. Severe dyspnoea
  2. Cyanosis
  3. Occurs immediately or 6 hours after transfusion
  4. Oxygen desaturation
18
Q

What causes TRALI

A

HLA antibodies or neutrophils antibodies in donor plasma especially plasma from multiparious females and patients with underlying inflammatory conditions are at risk of experiencing TRALI

19
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of TRALI

A
  1. White cell antibodies bind and activate C5
  2. Neutrophils attach to pulmonary epithelial
  3. Pulmonary oedema
20
Q

How to prevent TRALI

A
  1. Only males donate plasma for Fresh Frozen Plasma
21
Q

List symptoms of TACO

A
  1. Tightness in chest
  2. Pulmonary oedema
  3. Hypertension
  4. SOB
22
Q

Who are more susceptible to TACO

A

Patients with Pre existing renal and cardiac problems

23
Q

How to avoid and treat TACO

A

1.Transfuse slowly throughout several days
Monitor patient fluid input and output
2.Diuretics

24
Q

What is the treatment and prevention of Contaminated Blood

A

Treatment: broad spectrum antibodies
Prevention: visual inspection of unit

25
Q

List the Endogenous bacteria which can multiply in 4C in stored RBC

A
  1. Yersinia enterocolitica
  2. Pseudomonas fluorescens
  3. Pseudomonas putida
  4. Enterobacter cloacae
26
Q

List the exogenous bacteria from the skin that is found in platelets stored at 20C

A

Staphylococcus epidermis

27
Q

List symptoms of Anaphylactic reactions

A
  1. Laryngeal oedema
  2. Sweating
  3. Pain
  4. Hypotension
  5. Shock and collapse
28
Q

Treatment for anaphylactic reaction

A
  1. Adrenalin
  2. IV saline
  3. Oxygen
  4. Patients with IgA deficiency receive washed red cells 5x
29
Q

Pathogenesis of Anaphylactic reaction

A
  1. Red cells have remaining plasma thus IgA
  2. Individuals with IgA deficiency = anti-IgA
    3.severe allergic reaction
    OR
    Due to antibodies to other plasma proteins

Transfusion Science III (10 decks)

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