transfusion Flashcards
what type of process is transfusion
a regulated process
what are examples of regulatory bodies for blood safety
- blood safety quality regulations
- UK transfusion laboratory collaborative
what does blood tracking allow
allows electronic tracking and vein to vein audits of blood components
what happens in blood tracking
- can trace cold chain adherence
- all temperatures can be recorded by temperature monitoring systems
- real time updates that updates the hospital’s lims records for a specific patient
- reduced human interaction so less human error
- records kept for 30 years
what happened if you were living in the UK in 1980-1996
couldn’t donate blood
what happened if you were born after 01/01/96
received non-UK plasma products
what is the purpose of donor selection
- to protect the donor from harm
- to protect the recipient from any ill effects of the transfusion
what must the donors be to be selected for the blood transfusion
- fit and healthy
- have to weigh 50-158kg
- aged 17-66
- if they’re over 70 they have to have had given blood 2 years prior
what do donors have to complete before a blood transfusion
a screening questionnaire relating to health, lifestyle, travel history etc. so we can ensure the safety of the donor and recipient
what are the clinical donor restrictions
- their haemoglobin levels before donating blood for females has to be 125g/l and for males has to be 135g/l
- they can be asked to donate approx 470ml of whole blood (no more than 13% of circulating blood)
- needs an interval of 16 weeks before donating again
what can happen if donor gives too much blood
- can become anaemic (iron deficiency anaemia) (iatrogenic- accidental injury by a healthcare professional)
- vasovagal reactions like fainting
what are the clinical donor restrictions for medication and conditions
as there are carryover effects on the recipients they have to consider:
- if they take medication
- if waiting for surgery as can’t be anaemic before surgery
- diabetes as it could affect glucose control
- if engaged in high risk activity eg, sexual, drug use
what can patients that have had a transfusion not do
give blood donations for life
what is a risk of a blood transfusion to a recipient
transmitted infections
what are transmissible infections characterised by
chronic and persistent infection
what type of infections are all donations screened for
- HIV1, HIV2
- treponema palladium (syphilis)
- HTLV1, HTLV2
- HBV
what types of infections can be optionally tested for
- malaria, west nile virus
- cytomegalovirus
- trypanosoma cruzi (chagas disease)
what is the variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease
- the disease causing agent is a PRION (type of protein)
- when humans eat infected meat they’re exposed to the disease, they then show symptoms = decades
- it can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, person to person by medical products
how many units of imported plasma were issued in UK
110,000
what is leucodeplation
reduces the transmission of variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease
how does leucodepletion work
it removes white blood cells from the blood as white blood cells are infectious in people that have vCJD. this is done by a filter which attracts WBC (due to charge) to the surface to be removed.
what is Tranfusion associated graft versus host disease
A condition where the lymphocytes in the donor blood attack the recipients tissues such as skin, GI tract and bone marrow which can lead to death
what does FFP stand for
fresh frozen plasma
what happens in a NHS blood and transplant
they provide blood components and tissue for transplantation.
eg, of blood components: platelets, RBCs, FFP, granulocytes, cryoprecipitate
eg, of transplantation: stem cell transplants, solid organ tissues, tissue bank (eye services)
