TRANSFORMERS Flashcards
The transmission current is ___. It is commonly used to increase or decrease the _______________ without a change in the ____________ of AC between circuits.
Transformer
AC, supply voltage, frequency
The transformer works on the basic principles of ___________________________ and mutual induction.
Transformer
electromagnetic induction
Transformer Types: Transformers are used in various fields like power generation grid, distribution sector, transmission and electric energy consumption. (4) Various types of transformers:
Transformer
1) Working voltage range
2) The medium used in the core
3) Winding arrangement
4) Installation location
(2) Transformer as per phase:
Transformer
1) Single Phase
2) Three Phase
(2) Transformer as per core:
Transformer
1) Core type
2) Shell type
(3) Transformer as per cooling system:
Transformer
1) Self-cooled
2) Air-cooled
3) Oil-cooled
Commonly used transformer types, depending on the voltage, are classified as follows (2):
Based on VOLTAGE LEVELS.
1) Step-up Transformer
2) Step-down Transformer
used between the power generator and the power grid. The secondary output voltage is higher than the input voltage.
Based on VOLTAGE LEVELS.
Step-up Transformer
used to convert high-voltage primary supply to low-voltage secondary output.
Based on VOLTAGE LEVELS.
Step-down Transformer
In a transformer, we will find different types of cores that are used (2).
1) Air Core Transformer
2) Iron Core Transformer
the flux linkage between primary and secondary winding is through the air. The coil or windings wound on the non-magnetic strip.
Based on the MEDIUM OF CORE used.
Air Core Transformer
winding are wound in multiple iron plates stacked together, which provides a perfect linkage path to generate flux.
Based on the MEDIUM OF CORE used.
Iron Core Transformer
Based on the WINDING ARRANGEMENT. (1)
Based on the WINDING ARRANGEMENT.
Autotransformer
it will have only one winding wound over a laminated core. The primary and secondary share the same coil. Auto means “self” in the Greek language.
Based on the WINDING ARRANGEMENT.
Autotransformer
Based on INSTALL LOCATION. (4)
Based on INSTALL LOCATION.
1) Power Transformer
2) Distribution Transformer
3) Measurement Transformers
4) Protection Transformers
used at power generation stations, as they are suitable for high voltage application.
Based on INSTALL LOCATION.
Power Transformer
mostly used as distribution lanes for domestic purposes. They are designed for carrying low voltages. It is very easy to install and characterised by low magnetic losses.
Based on INSTALL LOCATION.
Distribution Transformer
mainly used for measuring voltage, current and power
Based on INSTALL LOCATION.
Measurement Transformers
used for component protection purposes. In circuits, some components must be protected from voltage fluctuation, etc. Protection transformers ensure component protection.
Based on INSTALL LOCATION.
Protection Transformers
The transformers works on the principle of ____________ of electromagnetic induction and mutual induction.
Transformers
Faraday’s Law
Two coils in the Transformer?
Transformers
Primary coil and secondary coil
The core laminations are joined in the form of _______.
Transformers
strips
The two coils have high __________________.
Transformers
mutual inductance
When an alternating current passes through the primary coil, it creates a varying (1)____________. As per Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, this change in magnetic flux induces an (2) ________________________ in the secondary coil, which is linked to the core having a primary coil. This is (3) _________________.
Transformers
(1) magnetic flux
(2) EMF (electromotive force)
(3) mutual induction
Overall, a transformer carries out the following operations:
Transformers
- Transfer of electrical energy from one circuit to another
- Transfer of electrical power through electromagnetic induction
- Electric power transfer without any change in frequency
- Two circuits are linked with mutual induction.
(3) Parts of a Single-phase Transformer
Parts of a Single-phase Transformer
1) Laminated core
2) Primary winding
3) Secondary winding
The _______ acts as a support to the winding in the transformer. It also provides a _______________ path to the flow of magnetic flux
Core, low reluctance
The winding is wound on the core. It is made up of a laminated ______________ in order to ____________ in a transformer.
Core
soft iron core, reduce losses
The factors, such as operating _________, _________, ________, etc. decide core composition.
Core
voltage, current, power
The ‘core diameter’ is directly proportional to ________ losses and inversely proportional to ______ losses.
Core
copper, iron
are the set of copper wires wound over the transformer core.
Parts of a Single-phase Transformer
Windings
Copper wires are used due to the following:
Windings
1) The high conductivity of copper
2) The high ductility of copper
Two types of windings:
Windings
Primary and Secondary
The set of turns of windings to which the supply current is fed.
Primary winding
The set of turns of winding from which output is token.
Secondary winding
The primary and secondary windings are insulated from each other using _______________________.
insulation coating agents
is necessary for transformers to separate windings from each other and to avoid short circuits.
Insulation Agents
This facilitates mutual induction, Insulation agents have an influence on the durability and stability of a transformer.
Insulation Agents
(4) The following are used as insulation mediums in a transformer:
1) insulating oil
2) Insulating tape
3) Insulating paper
4) Wood-based lamination
The ideal transformer has no losses. There is no magnetic leakage flux, ohmic resistance in its windings and no iron loss in the core.
Ideal Transformer
