Transfer of skills

Question 1

Transfer

Answer 1

Transfer is the influence of one skill on another. This can be an influence from a previously learnt skill on a new skill or vice versa, and can help or hindrance a performance

Question 1

5 types of transfer of skill

Answer 1

• Negative - one skill hinders another
• Positive - one skill helps learning of another
• Proactive - effect on future skill
• Retroactive - effect on previous skill
• Bilateral- limb to limb

NO PROB

Question 2

Negative transfer

Answer 2

When one skill hinders or impedes the learning and performance of another skill

This occurs when having learnt one skill, makes learning the second skill more difficult. This more often happens when a stimulus common to both skills requires a different response.

For example a loose wrist required to play in badminton transfers negatively to the firm wrist needed to play a tennis shot.

Question 3

Positive transfer

Answer 3

When one skills helps or enhances the performance of another skill

This occurs when the two skills in question are similar in some way. Having already mastered, one of the skills, makes learning the second skill easier.

For example kicking can be positively transferred from football to rugby

Question 4

Proactive transfer

Answer 4

When a previously learned skill influences a skill that is currently being learned

For example previous knowledge of tennis could assist in learning badminton as both have similar rules and movements

Question 5

Retroactive transfer

Answer 5

When a newly learned skill influences a previously learned skill

For example a recently learned javelin throw would transfer to an earlier movement of a football throw in

Question 6

Bilateral transfer

Answer 6

Where the learning of one skill is transferred from one limb to another

For example a footballer learning to pass with their left foot when they have previously learned this skill with their right foot

Question 7

How do you optimise positive transfer?

Answer 7

• Make the practices game related and realistic
• Explain or point out similarities between skills or tactics
• Teach similar skills together
• Use positive reinforcement and praise when positive transfer occurs
• Build the subroutines of a skill progressively; give clear demonstrations
• Teach fundamental skills first and ensure they are well learned