Classification of joints Flashcards
Joint
An area of the body where 2 or more bones articulate to create human movement
Ligament
A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bone to bone. Stabilises the joint during movement.
Articular cartilage
Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones. Absorbs shock and allows friction free movement.
What are the three types of joints?
Fibrous joints
Synovial joins
Cartilaginous joints
Fibrous joint
Fixed joints, no movement.
Joined by dense connective tissue (collagen)
E.g you would find fibrous joints in the cranium to protect the brain
Cartilaginous joint
Very little movement
Joined by cartilage
Synovial joint
Allow movement in 1 or more plane of movement
Most common joint in the body
Synovial membrane
Synovial membrane secretes and encloses synovial fluid
Synovial fluid
Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity.
It reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage.
Bursa
A closed, fluid-filled sac located where tendons rub over bones.
Reduces friction between tendons and bones.
Joint capsule
A fibrous sac with an inner membrane.
It keeps synovial fluid contained.
What are the five types of synovial joints?
Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid
Gliding
Ball and socket joint
The ball shaped head of a long bone articulates with a cup-like socket of another bone. It has the greatest range of movement.
Located
- Shoulder: with the humerus, scapula and clavicle as articulating bones
- Hip: with the femur and ilium
Hinge
This joint only allows movement in one direction, bending and straightening.
Located
Knee: with tibia and femur as articulating bones
Elbow: with humerus and ulna as articulating bones
Ankle: with, talus, fibula and tibia as articulating bones
Pivot
This is where bones rotate around each other.
Located
Atlas and axis (neck): with atlas, axis and vertebrae as articulating bones
