Transcription/translation memorization Flashcards
What type of bonds link deoxyribonucleotides together in a strand of DNA?
3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
What’s on the 5’ end of DNA?
Phosphate group
What’s on the 3’ end of DNA?
Hydroxyl group
What kind of bonding happens btwn complementary bases in opposite strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bonding
What 2 types of bonds/interactions stabilize the shape of the DNA helix?
Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction btwn bases
What type of bonds link ribonucleotides together in a strand of RNA?
3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds
What’s on the 5’ end of RNA? 3’ end?
5’ phosphate group
3’ hydroxyl group
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
Some amino acids are coded for by >1 codon
What does it mean that the genetic code is unambiguous?
Each codon codes for only one amino acid
What does it mean that the genetic code is universal?
All organisms use this code (well… except for mitochondria, yeast, etc)
What does it mean that the genetic code is contiguous?
Codons don’t overlap, and there’s no space btwn codons
What test uses DNA probes to detect RNA fragments?
Northern blotting
What test uses DNA probes to detect DNA fragments?
Southern blotting
What test uses DNA probes to detect DNA-binding proteins?
Southwestern blotting
Which type of blot uses antibodies to detect proteins?
Western blotting
Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix at the start of DNA replication?
Helicase
Which direction does DNA synthesis occur in?
5’–> 3’ (means new ntides are added to 3’ end)
What proteins bind single strands of unwound DNA to prevent reformation of DNA helix during replication?
SSBPs
Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer that’s needed for initiation of DNA chain synthesis?
Primase
Which enzyme elongates the DNA strand by adding deoxyribonucleotides to the 3’ end of the chain?
DNA polymerase 3
Which enzyme replaces the RNA primer with the appropriate deoxynucleotides?
DNA polymerase 1
Which enzyme relaxes the DNA helix during replication via creation of a nick in one DNA strand?
DNA topo I
Which enzyme relieves the strain on the DNA helix during replication by creating double stranded nicks to make supercoils?
DNA topo 2
Which enzyme forms a 3’–>5’ phosphodiester bond btwn adjoining fragments of DNA?
DNA ligase
