Transcription/translation memorization

Question 1

What type of bonds link deoxyribonucleotides together in a strand of DNA?

Answer 1

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

Question 2

What’s on the 5’ end of DNA?

Answer 2

Phosphate group

Question 3

What’s on the 3’ end of DNA?

Answer 3

Hydroxyl group

Question 4

What kind of bonding happens btwn complementary bases in opposite strands of DNA?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding

Question 5

What 2 types of bonds/interactions stabilize the shape of the DNA helix?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction btwn bases

Question 6

What type of bonds link ribonucleotides together in a strand of RNA?

Answer 6

3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds

Question 7

What’s on the 5’ end of RNA? 3’ end?

Answer 7

5’ phosphate group

3’ hydroxyl group

Question 8

What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?

Answer 8

Some amino acids are coded for by >1 codon

Question 9

What does it mean that the genetic code is unambiguous?

Answer 9

Each codon codes for only one amino acid

Question 10

What does it mean that the genetic code is universal?

Answer 10

All organisms use this code (well… except for mitochondria, yeast, etc)

Question 11

What does it mean that the genetic code is contiguous?

Answer 11

Codons don’t overlap, and there’s no space btwn codons

Question 12

What test uses DNA probes to detect RNA fragments?

Answer 12

Northern blotting

Question 13

What test uses DNA probes to detect DNA fragments?

Answer 13

Southern blotting

Question 14

What test uses DNA probes to detect DNA-binding proteins?

Answer 14

Southwestern blotting

Question 15

Which type of blot uses antibodies to detect proteins?

Answer 15

Western blotting

Question 16

Which enzyme unwinds the DNA helix at the start of DNA replication?

Answer 16

Helicase

Question 17

Which direction does DNA synthesis occur in?

Answer 17

5’–> 3’ (means new ntides are added to 3’ end)

Question 18

What proteins bind single strands of unwound DNA to prevent reformation of DNA helix during replication?

Answer 18

SSBPs

Question 19

Which enzyme synthesizes the RNA primer that’s needed for initiation of DNA chain synthesis?

Answer 19

Primase

Question 20

Which enzyme elongates the DNA strand by adding deoxyribonucleotides to the 3’ end of the chain?

Answer 20

DNA polymerase 3

Question 21

Which enzyme replaces the RNA primer with the appropriate deoxynucleotides?

Answer 21

DNA polymerase 1

Question 22

Which enzyme relaxes the DNA helix during replication via creation of a nick in one DNA strand?

Answer 22

DNA topo I

Question 23

Which enzyme relieves the strain on the DNA helix during replication by creating double stranded nicks to make supercoils?

Answer 23

DNA topo 2

Question 24

Which enzyme forms a 3’–>5’ phosphodiester bond btwn adjoining fragments of DNA?

Answer 24

DNA ligase