Rate-determining enzymes

Question 1

Glycolysis

Answer 1

Phosphofructokinase
+: AMP, fructose-2,6-BP
-: ATP, citrate

Question 2

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 2

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
+: ATP, acetyl CoA
-: AMP, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

Question 3

TCA cycle

Answer 3

Isocitrate dehydrogenase
+: ADP
-: ATP, NADH

Question 4

Glycogen synth

Answer 4

Glycogen synthase
+: glucose, insulin, cortisol
-: Epinephrine, glucagon

Question 5

Glycogenolysis

Answer 5

Glycogen phosphorylase
+:AMP, epinephrine, glucagon
-: Insulin, ATP, G-6-P

Question 6

HMP shunt

Answer 6

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)
+: NADP+
-: NADPH

Question 7

De novo pyrimidine synthesis

Answer 7

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II

Question 8

De novo purine synthesis

Answer 8

Glutamine-PRPP amidotransferase

-: AMP, IMP, GMP

Question 9

Urea cycle

Answer 9

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I

+: N-acetyl glutamate

Question 10

Fatty acid synthesis

Answer 10

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)
+: insulin, citrate
-: glucagon, palmitoyl CoA

Question 11

Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 11

Carnitine acyltransferase I

-: malonyl CoA

Question 12

Ketogenesis

Answer 12

HMG-CoA synthase

Question 13

Cholesterol synthesis

Answer 13

HMG-CoA reductase
+: insulin, thyroxine
-: glucagon, cholesterol