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BioChemistry > Transcription In Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Transcription In Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

RNA Polymerase 1 in Eukaryotes

A 
Synthesis of:
5.8S rRNA
18S rRNA
28S rRNA 
(produced from cleavage of 45S pre rRNA
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2
Q

RNA Polymerase 2 in Eukaryotes

A

Synthesis of:

mRNA, miRNA, & most snRNA

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3
Q

RNA Polymerase 3 in Eukaryotes

A

Synthesis of:
tRNA
5S rRNA
1 type of SnRNA

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4
Q

Eukaryotic Primer Elements

A
  1. TATA (hotness) box

2. CAAT and GC Box

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5
Q

Eukaryotic Primer- TATA Box location, sequence, and binding

A

Located 20-30 bp upstream from start point
consists of 5’ TATAAA 3’
Binds to TATA Binding Protein (TBP) of TFIID (Transcription Factor IID) which represents first step in formation of transcription complex on promotor

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Primer- CAAT and GC Box Location and Binding

A

Located 40-200 bp upstream from start point

Bind to protein that control frequency of transcription

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7
Q

Steps of transcription

A
  1. Template binding and formation of Pre initiation complex
  2. Initiation
  3. Elongation
  4. Termination
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8
Q

Template binding and formation of pre initiation requirement

A

requires RNAP 2 and general transcription factors (GTF)

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9
Q

What happens in preinitiation?

A

TBP binds to TATA box

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10
Q

first step of transcription

A

binding of TBP to Tata box

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11
Q

TFIIH has

A

high helices activity

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12
Q

TFIIH brings

A

RNA Polymerase 2 to promotor

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13
Q

termination signal

A

AAUAA

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14
Q

Post transcriptional modification of mRNA in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

prokaryotes: Once mRNA is synthesized, its immediately available for translation
eukaryote: Needs modification/Extensive processing
prokaryote: Mono or Polycistronic: codes for 1 ore more proteins
eukaryote: Monocistronic: codes for only one protein

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15
Q

mRNA is synthesized as a primary transcript known as

A

heterogenous (hnRNA)

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16
Q

Post transcriptional modification includes

A

capping
polyadenylation
splicing
mRNA editing

17
Q

mRNA protein complex

A

newly synthesized mRNA binds with protein to form this which comes out of nucleus by nuclear pore

18
Q

capping occurs at

A

5’ end of 7 methyl GTP

19
Q

mechanism of capping

A

RNA triphosphatase hydrolyze terminal y phosphate of mRNA to form diphosphate.

Guanylyl transferase adds GMP to diphosphate to make DTP

Methlyation of GTP by SAM

20
Q

importance of capping

A

protects 5’ end from exonuclease
important for initiation of translation by binding to cap binding protein (IF4)
Directs mRNA from nuclease to cytosol

21
Q

polyadenylation definition and enzyme

A

addition of poly a tail at 3’ end by poly a polymerase

22
Q

where does poly a polymerase bind to

A

poly A tail binding protein

23
Q

importance of poly A tail

A

protect 3’ end from nuclease
increase 1/2 life of mRNA
increases efficiency of translation

24
Q

splicing definition

A

precise cutting of introns and joining of exons

25
Q

cause of splicing

A

hnRNA is not suitable for translation because it contains introns

26
Q

splicing is done by

A

splicesome which is a ribozyme formed of snRNA attached to protein

27
Q

mechanism of splicing

A

snRNA is only 100 nucleotide so base pairs with introns to make loop formation.

The adjacent axons come together and splicing of introns and joining of axons.

28
Q

importance of splicing

A
  1. alternative splicing results in different types of mRNA (can switch up places of exons)
  2. decreases incidence of mutations
29
Q

Diseases connected to splicing

A
  1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - auto immune diseases b/c antibodies against snRNP
  2. b-thalassemia - result from nucleotide change and failure to remove introns
30
Q

mRNA editing definition

A

changing the coding info of mRNA

31
Q

mRNA editing definition- apo b in liver

A

complete translation - apoB100 (100 kDa)

32
Q

mRNA editing definition- apo b in intestine

A

translation of 48% - apo b 48 (48kDa)

BioChemistry (7 decks)

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