Transcription

Question 1

mRNA

Answer 1

Carry protein coding sequence

Question 2

Central Dogma

Answer 2

DNA> RNA> protein

Question 3

rRNA

Answer 3

used to build proteins
Involved in protein synthesis

Question 4

tRNAs

Answer 4

Bring amino acids to ribosomes
Involved in protein synthesis

Question 5

ncRNAs

Answer 5

Used for gene regulation and/or structure

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

All the genetic material in a cell

Question 7

Transcriptome

Answer 7

All the RNA present in a cell

Question 8

Proteome

Answer 8

All of the protein present in a cell

Question 9

3 phases of transcription

Answer 9

Initation
Elongation
Termination

Question 10

Promoter

Answer 10

regulatory region of genome that direct where transcription will begin

Question 11

Upstream

Answer 11

<—–
- number

Question 12

Downstream

Answer 12

—–>
+ number

Question 13

Core promoter 2 regions

Answer 13

-35 element: TTGACG
-10 element: TATAAT

Question 14

Consensus sequence

Answer 14

average sequence when comparing a number of similar sequences

Question 15

Sigma factor

Answer 15

Subunit of RNA polymerase that binds to the -10 and -35 elemnts on the coding strand

Question 16

What does the sigma factor do?

Answer 16

Bends dsDNA causing the -10 element to become single stranded

Question 17

What and where is the 1st nucleotide of an RNA?

Answer 17

A, which is built from a T strand about 10 downstream from the -10 element

Question 19

Does RNA polymerase in transcription require a primer to initiate nucleotide extension?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

What are UP elements

Answer 20

Regions of DNA that are upstream of the -10 and -35 promoter elements
These can regulate transcription by helping recruit RNA polymerase to particular region of the genome

Question 21

RNAP structure

Answer 21

DNA entry channel
rNTP entry channel
DNA exit channel
RNA exit channel
RNAP subunits act as a helicase to keep unzipping the dsDNA
RNAP subunits act as a chaperone to help zip the dsDNA back together after is has been transcribed

Question 22

When does termination occur during transcription?

Answer 22

termination of RNA occurs when a terminator sequence has been transcribed

Question 23

Termination sequences are ______ that causes the new single-stranded RNA to fold back on itself creating a stem/loop structure

Answer 23

palindromes

Question 24

P-independent

Answer 24

Doesn’t require any proteins

Question 25

P-dependent

Answer 25

Requires rho and a rut site

Question 26

proteomics

Answer 26

Large scale studies of proteomes, typically performed by: --> isolating the proteome --> fragmenting the proteins --> determining fragment size using mass-spec --> deducing amino acid sequence size

Question 27

What are proteomics used for

Answer 27

--> when/where proteins are expressed --> how proteins are modified --> protein-protein interactions -->Used for basic science questions