Non Mendelian Inheritance 5.3

Question 1

Complex (quantitative) traits

Answer 1

demonstrate continuous phenotypic variation
More of a distribution, not tall or short
Do not behave according to Mendelian genetic predictions

Question 2

Complex traits are due to

Answer 2

environment, genetics, gene by enviroment interactions

Question 3

The 6 (single loci) and 2 (multi loci) non-mentalian inheritance

Answer 3

Single loci:
Incomplete dominance
Codominance
Maternal effects and cytoplasmic inheritance
Sex-influenced and sex-limited traits
Lethal alleles
Conditional alleles

Multi loci:
additive traits
Epistasis

Question 4

Incomplete dominance

Answer 4

When the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between either homozygote

Question 5

Incomplete dominance ratio

Answer 5

1:2:1

Question 6

Codominance

Answer 6

When the phenotype of heterozygotes presents the phenotypes of both homozygotes

Question 7

Codominance ratio

Answer 7

1:2:1

Question 8

Recessive lethal alleles

Answer 8

Lethal alleles can lead to missing or reduced numbers of genotypes

Question 9

Recessive lethal alleles ratio

Answer 9

2:1

Question 10

Organelle inheritance

Answer 10

During mitosis and meiosis, different quantities of organelles are inherited
mtDNA/cpDNA will not be inherited according to mendelian ratio and is not predictable

Question 11

Sex-limited and sex-influenced traits are influenced by genes on the autosomes or sex chromsome?

Answer 11

autosome

Question 12

Sex limited traits

Answer 12

when the trait is only expressed in one sex

Question 13

Sex influenced (or sex associated)

Answer 13

when the trait is mostly expressed in one sex

Question 14

Conditional lethal alleles

Answer 14

When alleles are only lethal under certain environmental conditions

Question 15

Favism

Answer 15

a condition caused by X-linked recessive mutations in the gene encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Xg6Xg6

Question 16

Degree of dominance (h)

Answer 16

described the degree to the phenotype of the heterozygote resembles the phenotype of a homozygous parent
Range: 0 to 1

Question 17

expressivity

Answer 17

people with same genotype present varying phenotypic range

Question 18

penetrance

Answer 18

the proportion of individuals with a particular genotype that also express the associated trait

Question 19

incomplete penetrance

Answer 19

when some individuals with a particular genotype express the trait, while others do not

Question 20

Penetrance equation

Answer 20

Penetrance= (# of individuals with the trait/ total # of individuals that should have the trait) * 100