Transcription

Question 1

Promoters

Answer 1

-Where RNA Polymerase binds

Question 2

RNA polymerase

Answer 2

Nucleotides added in the 5’ to 3’ direction
Read in the 3’ to 5’ direction

Question 3

Transcription factors

Answer 3

Turns genes on/off
Regulates expression
Activators-repressors

Question 4

Repressors

Answer 4

Blocks transcription by binding to the promoter
ex: TRP Repressor

Question 5

Activators

Answer 5

Promotes transcription by binding to the promoter.
ex: CAP Protein

Question 6

Mediator

Answer 6

Binds to the DNA to uncoil it for the RNA polymerase to bind.

Question 7

Enhancer

Answer 7

Far clusters from binding sequences

Loops DNA, brings activators closer to the promoter

INCREASES RATE OF INITIATION

Question 8

Silencer

Answer 8

Sequences that decrease transcription rate

Question 9

Termination

Answer 9

Reaching a stop codon

Question 10

Transcription bubble

Answer 10

When RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter and strands detach, part of the coding region is opened up.

Question 11

Initiation

Answer 11

Activator to enhancer region + (TF+Mediator=Transc. Initiation Complex)
=Promotes RNA polymerase’s binding to the promoter

Question 12

Elongation

Answer 12

Sequence of gene is copied to complementary strand. 5’ to 3’

Question 13

Prokaryotic transcription

Answer 13

Simultaneously in cytoplasm
1 polymerase
No post-transcriptional process

Question 14

Eukaryotic transcription

Answer 14

Transcription in the nucleus, translation in cytoplasm
3 Polymerase
Post-transcriptional regulations