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Microbial Genetics > Transcription > Flashcards

Transcription Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is transcription

A

synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

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2
Q

what is RNA?

A

an intermediate carrier or genetic information

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3
Q

what is translation

A

using RNA to make proteins

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4
Q

what is the template strand?

A

the DNA that is copied during the synthesis of mRNA

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5
Q

what is the coding strand?

A

the opposite strand

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6
Q

why is coding strand called mRNa-like strand?

A

sequence correspongs to the codons that are translated into proteins

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7
Q

be able to show bacterial genes transcription

A
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8
Q

DNA is always transcribed in which direction

A

3 to 5

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9
Q

what is open reading frame?

A

any sequence of bases that could encode a protein
does not contain any stop codons

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10
Q

what is a cistron

A

a segment of DNA that codes for a single polypeptide chain

encodes a protein must also be an ORF, whereas a cistron that encodes a nontranslated RNA is not an ORF

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11
Q

what is an operon?

A

bacteria cluster of related genes

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12
Q

what is polycistronic DNA

A

operons that are transcribed together to give a single mRNA

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13
Q

Bacterial RNA polymerase

A

consists fof core enzyme made of five subunits, two alpha, beta, beta’ and w and the sigma subunit

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14
Q

halo enzyme

A

core and sigma

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15
Q

core ensyme

A

two alpha, beta, beta’ and w

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16
Q

housekeeping sigma is called

A

sigma 70

17
Q

what is housekeeping sigma

A

recognizes two special sequences of bases (-10 and -35) in the promoter region of the codiing (non-template) strand

18
Q

-10 and -35 sequence are known as

A

promotor regions

19
Q

consensus sequence

A

-10 is Tataat and consensus sequence is -35

20
Q

what is mix and match approach

A

bacteria have evolved this appreach to seeting promotor strength in which the strengths of the individual promotor elements combine to determine the overall activity of the promotor

21
Q

mix and match approach allows what

A

enables promotos to easily evolve

22
Q

what are the steps of transcitpion

A

DNA transcribed 3 to 5’
must have primer
will have coding and RNA the same

23
Q

what is a factor-independent terminator

A

two inverted repeats separated by several bases and followed by a run of As

24
Q

how does factor-independent terminator work

A

hairpin.

25
Q

what is used to infer evolutionary relationships?

A

rRNA

26
Q

Why are rRNA good for phylogenetic inferences?

A

universally distributed
functionally constant
highly conserved
adequate length

27
Q

What amplifies the 16s rRNA gene?

A

Standard primers

28
Q

extremophiles are what

A

thrive in either hot or cold temperatures, or extreme salinity, alkalinity or acidity

Microbial Genetics (4 decks)

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