Trans - Respiratory Epidemiology

Question 1

%GNP targeted for health expenditure

Answer 1

3-4%

Question 2

epidemiologic shift

Answer 2

transition from infectious disease to lifestyle disease

Question 3

trend in prevalence of pneumonia and TB

Answer 3

decreasing

Question 4

trend in prevalence of cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

increasing

Question 5

COPD started appearing in what year?

Answer 5

1995

Question 6

epidemiologic shift due to: [3]

Answer 6

[1] aging population in developing countries
[2] increasing urbanization
[3] lifestyle changes

Question 7

leading cause of mortality in the Philippines

Answer 7

cardiovascular disease

Question 8

double burden of disease in developing countries

Answer 8

communicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity, noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of mortality

Question 9

pneumonias usually kill:

Answer 9

the very young and the very old

Question 10

old man’s friend

Answer 10

pneumonia

Question 11

pneumonia

Answer 11

infection of the lungs causing accumulation of neutrophilic exudate in the alveoli, impairing gas exchange

Question 12

main issues in pneumonia control

Answer 12

medication issues –> improper medication

Question 13

single most important cause of mortality due to a particular pathogen

Answer 13

TB

Question 14

Arcana of Tuberculosis

Answer 14

model created by Griggs, showing TB contacts, morbidity, mortality over 300 years

Question 15

trend of tuberculosis incidence

Answer 15

steep fall in other countries, slow fall in the Philippines

Question 16

how many Filipinos die per day due to TB?

Answer 16

75

Question 17

DOTS

Answer 17

Directly Observed Treatment Short-course

Question 18

success rate in DOTS

Answer 18

78%

Question 19

[T/F] strengthening DOTS in the government diminishes the importance of the private MD

Answer 19

F

Question 20

GATS

Answer 20

Global Adult Tobacco Survey - systematically monitor adult tobacco use, track key tobacco control indicators

Question 21

percentage of current smokers

Answer 21

23%

Question 22

average age of initiation into smoking

Answer 22

17.4

Question 23

percent relative risk of lung cancer in smokers

Answer 23

[1] males - 130%

[2] females - 1140%

Question 24

percent relative risk of COPD in smokers

Answer 24

967%

Question 25

[T/F] percent prevalence of COPD greater in urban areas than rural areas

Answer 25

F

Question 26

why is the percent prevalence of COPD greater in rural areas?

Answer 26

high prevalence of smoking, exposure to biomass fuel

Question 27

cancer with the most incidence rate

Answer 27

breast cancer

Question 28

cancer with the most mortality

Answer 28

lung cancer

Question 29

NAES

Answer 29

National Asthma Epidemiology Study

Question 30

[T/F] asthma is largely uncontrolled and its management is suboptimal in urban communities

Answer 30

T