Tranmission of HIV Flashcards
How is HIV transmitted?
transfer of infected body fluid….sex or blood (IV drug use)
In 1985, what % of AIDS cases were in the heterosexual population?
<2
By 2021, what % of heterosexual cases are occurring in women?
66
What % of new infections are occurring in heterosexual people?
22
name some of the key factors in transmission
Frequent change in sexual partners, having unprotected sex, not using condoms and spermicides, presence of STDs, lack of male cirumcision
How effective is circumcision for male infections?
reduces male infections by 60% but does not reduce the rate of infection of women
Outside of the US, what is the mose common mode of transmission of HIV?
heterosexual
GLOBALLY,Heterosexual transmission accounts for about what % of HIV cases?
90%
In Africa, heterosexual transmission accounts for what % of HIV infections?
<80
Mother to child transmission in Africa accounts for what % range of cases?
5-15
Highest risk of sexual route of transmission is what kind of sex?
Receptive anal
For vaginal intercourse, is male to female higher or lower than female to male?
male to female is 17.5 fold higher due to higher viral load in sperm in comparison to vaginal fluids
What factor in vaginal mucosa affects liklihood of transmission?
abrasions
Uganda famously launched this type of campaign which successfully reduced HIV rate of infection from 30% in the 80s to less than 6% today
Partner reduction
Describe the ABC approach that Uganda advocated for in regards to reducing HIV
Abstinence, Be faithful (monogamous), Condomize
How successful was Uganda’s partner reduction campaign?
Casual sex frequency fell by 60%, increased sexual abstinence and delay in first sexual encounter by teenagers, but lately HIV infection rate has increased due to reverting to infidelity and lack of condom use
Why is there an increase in young gay men acquiring HIV ?
As a society we have become complacent, and they have not seen their friends die from the disease
Consistent condom use shows what % effectiveness for HIV prevention during anal sex?
70%
How efficient is IV drug use compared to sexual transmission?
3x more
What % of new HIV cases in the US are associated with IV drug use?
50
Of the 11 million IV drug users worldwide, what % are HIV positive?
13%
Where is IV drug use as HIV transmission a big problem?
Russia/eastern europe
What percent of IV drug users in Russia have HIV?
50
Where is sexual assault a contributing factor for transmission?
African and regions of war
Why do STDs increase liklihood of infection?
STDs increase the number of CD4 cells in genital tissues
What is the chance of transmission from mother to child without therapy?
30%
What has reduced the risk of mother to child transmission to less than 1%
c section and ART
What is the population risk of transmisson for IV drug injection with an infected needle?
1-2%
what is the population risk of transmitting HIV with vaginal sexual intercourse?
0.1%
What is the population risk of HIV transmission for receptive anal intercourse?
0.5-3%
