Traits

Question 1

These are the building blocks of Amino Acids

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

The sequence of amino acids determines the specific role of the protein

Answer 2

Just some facts

Question 3

Do the 2 DNA strand separate for the protein to be read by the cell

Answer 3

Yes, it separates and the sequence of bases are read in order to form a specific protein

Question 4

How many bases does it need to able to code for an amino acid?

Answer 4

3 - it is called a triplet

Question 5

What are proteins made up of ?

Answer 5

It is made up of linked amino acids (long chain of amino acids that are chemically bonded together)

Question 6

What causes Variation ? (relate it to the base sequence)

Answer 6

Different variants of a gene’s base sequence, produce different proteins. Therefore, a variation in a particular trait of a species.

*a slight difference will code for slightly different protein

Question 7

What are Mutations?

Answer 7

a mutation is a change in the base sequence of a gene found along the DNA molecule. This may result to a new ALLELE for that gene

Question 8

What are Mutagens?

Answer 8

1. Chemicals (cigarettes and fatty foods)
2. Ultraviolet Light (from the sun)
3. Radiation (x-rays/ radioactive materials)

Question 9

What is the difference between a harmful and beneficial mutation?

Answer 9

A harmful mutation code for modified proteins that do not function properly. This may have effect to person’s survival advantage.

On the other hand, beneficial mutations as it codes for a modified protein that functions better than the original. This may have an advantage to person’s survival

Question 10

What will happen if a mutation occurs in a body cell (somatic) ?

Answer 10

The only cells affected are those produced by the mutated cell. It cannot inherited or passed on to an offspring

Question 11

What will happen if a mutation occurs in a gamete ( sex cell - sperm or egg)?

Answer 11

This is the only time that the mutation can be inherited or passed on to an offspring. (if only that particular gamete is fertilised )

Question 12

Ultimate source of Variation

Answer 12

Mutations

Question 13

These are the FEATURES OF AN ORGANISM that are determined by genes.

Answer 13

Traits

Question 14

How are genes inherited?

Answer 14

Each individual inherits 2 copies of each gene (one each from both parents)

Question 15

Where are genes found?

Answer 15

They are found at a specific location of chromosomes. (locus).

Question 16

This is always expressed even though only one copy is present. It is expressed in a capital letter.

Answer 16

Dominant

Question 17

Expressed if both of these are present. (no dominant trait is present)

Answer 17

Recessive

Question 18

What are genotypes?

Answer 18

the specific pairs of alleles that the organism carries for a particular trait (Bb, BB, bb) . It determines the phenotype.
They also mask the presence of recessive alleles

Question 19

What are phenotypes?

Answer 19

They are the physical expression of the alleles carried

Question 20

Alleles that are the same (BB, bb)

Answer 20

Homozygous

Question 21

Alleles that are different? (Bb)

Answer 21

Heterozygous

Question 22

When both of the alleles are in capital letters

Answer 22

it is Homozygous Dominant (BB)

Question 23

When both of the alleles are in lowercase letters

Answer 23

It is Homozygous Recessive (Bb)

Question 24

When one allele is a expressed in a capital letter and the other is a expressed in lowercase letter

Answer 24

It is Heterozygous