Genetic Materials in Cells Flashcards
called “the building blocks” of ORGANISMS where the nucleus can be found
Cells
It has a rod-like structure made out of DNA and proteins.
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes are there in an average human being?
46 chromosomes (23 from each parent)
Chromosomes occurs in ______ pairs
Homologous (identical in shape and size)
A specific section in the DNA
Gene
They carry the instruction need to construct a specific protein, which I turn determines a particular feature (trait) of the organism
Gene
an extremely long molecule. In a double helix structure.
DNA
This is carry the genetic instructions needed to grow, function, and reproduce
DNA
Compromised of sugar, phosphate, and a base
Nucleotide
What are the sides of the DNA made of ?
sugar and phosphate
Guanine bonds with ______
Cytosine (C)
Adenine bonds with ______
Thymine (T)
Thymine bonds with ______
Adenine (A)
Cytosine bonds with ______
Guanine (G)
What are chromosomes comprised of?
a DNA molecule that is coiled up tightly around special packaging proteins
This diagram shows the complete chromosome set in. a body cell
Karyotype
This is where we can find the chromosomes
Nucleus
This is the place of our sex cells in a Karyotype
The 23rd pair
Full name of the DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What is the purpose of a base sequence?
They ENCODE the genetic instructions (genes) for the organism
Each ____ carries the code (3 letters) for a specific amino acid
Triplet
These are alternative forms of a gene. In other words, they are different versions of the same gene. (Code
Alleles
Code for the same general characteristic (e.g. same eye color), but different versions of that characteristic (e.g. brown, blue, green).
Alleles
They are responsible for the difference in traits (Variation) between individuals
Alleles
What is the difference between a gene and allele?
Genes are sections of DNA that code for a particular protein (eye color gene). On the other hand, alleles are alternative forms of a gene. They are different versions of the same gene. (Hair color - brown). This the primary cause of genetic variation among individuals
If your parents does not have the similar allele, you get 2 different alleles
some extra info
The specific site where a particular gene can be found
Locus
What is the difference between the DNA and gene
The DNA contains the genetic code for the production of protein (blueprint). This genetic code is called a gene. Therefore, a gene is a section of DNA (particular trait)
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